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The malacostraca, a very large subclass of Crustacea, is being dealt with in four volumes in the "Zoological Catalogue of Australia" series. This volume covers over 1200 species of Australian crabs (Brachyura) and related groups such as hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, squat lobsters, mole crabs, and their ilk (Anomura). It is the first such attempt to list the Australian fauna since 1882. All taxonomic groups down to families and subfamilies are fully diagnosed, and the latest literature discussion their status is reviewed and summarized, including genetic and larval species where available. Full taxonomic information is provided for each species, listing the original literature as well as museum data on the original type specimens. As much of the fauna is widespread beyond Australian shores,each species' listing indicates broad distributions both inside and outside Australian waters. Where possible, a short summary of known ecological data is given and there are references to key works that help identify the fauna at all taxonomic levels.