In this volume, emphasis has been laid on the simplest Prokaryotic organisms, the diverse algae, the adaptive strategies of bryophytes and the diversity in Pteridophytes. There is stress on the importance of ethnic knowledge, botanic gardens, and reproductive biology in conservation. Interesting aspects of invasive plant species, analysis of plant biodiversity and evolution at genome level and leaf epidermal diversity in grasses are discussed. Detailed accounts of the fauna and flora of Punjab have also been provided.