Biomarkers for Stress in Fish Embryos and Larvae

About this book

The present work evaluates the toxic effects of some environmental stressors on fish eggs and larvae and describes the biomarker responses of fish from locations with varying levels of pollution. Development of the main groups of biomarkers is discussed. Biomarkers for Stress in Fish Embryos and Larvae demonstrates general trends and specific peculiarities of biomarker induction in early fish life and their association with the animal's developmental stages. It addresses responses of fish eggs and larvae to pollution under experimental conditions and presents information obtained from in situ studies.

Chapters describe xenobiotics accumulation, anoxia and hypoxia, increasing temperature, eutrophication, and other unfavorable environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic factors, and their impact on fish embryos. They also examine fluctuations in biomarker levels in fish eggs and larvae that have been impacted by climate changes and discuss possible scenarios, especially for fish population size, reproduction, growth, development and biodiversity.

Contents

Introduction

Stress Response in Fish
Stressors
Physiological stress response
Cellular stress response

Biomarkers: Classification, Characterization and Specificity in Fish
Biotransformation system
Antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation
Stress proteins
Haemotological characteristics
Metabolic rate
Cholinesterases
Endocrine disruption
Other biomarkers

Development of Biomarkers in Fish Early Life
Biotransformation system
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system
Stress proteins
Biochemical parameters
Metabolic rate
Cholinesterases
Endocrinology of fish early development
Development of the immune system

Biomarkers Responses in Fish Early Life
Experimental studies
Field studies

Fish Biomarkers and Climate Changes
Eutrophication effects
Increasing water temperature
UV-irradiation effects

Conclusions and Perspectives

References

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