Breakwaters and Closure Dams

About this book

Breakwaters and closure dams belong to the most spectacular hydraulic structures. They are exposed to the most severe loading by waves and currents, either during their construction, or during their life cycle. Design and construction of these structures are so interrelated that a proper understanding is not possible without a thorough knowledge of theory and a proper understanding of practical matters. This book attempts to offer this combination to the graduate student. It starts with a description of the functional requirements, it discusses the relevant theory and shows the application of experience and theoretical knowledge to the design.

Contents

1. Introduction 1.1 Scope 1.2 Authors 1.3 References 1.4 Miscellaneous 2. Positioning the Subject 2.1 General 2.2 Types of Breakwaters 2.3 Types of Closure Dams 2.4 Historical Breakwaters 2.5 Historical Closures 3. The Design Process 3.1 General 3.2 Abstraction Level 3.3 Phases 3.4 Cyclic Design 3.5 Consequences of Systematic Design 3.6 Probabilities 4. Considerations at System Level 4.1 General 4.2 Functions of Breakwaters and Examples 4.3 Side Effects of Breakwaters 4.4 Functions of Closure Dams 4.5 Various Dams and a few Details 5. Use of Theory 5.1 General 5.2 Hydraulics of Flow 5.3 Waves 5.4 Geotechnics 6. Data Collection 6.1 General 6.2 Meteorological Data 6.3 Hydrographic Data 6.4 Geotechnical Data 6.5 Construction Materials, Equipment, Labour 7. Stability of Random Placed Roak Mounds 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Historic Review 7.3 Irregular Waves, Approach of Van der Meer 7.4 Execution of the Computation 7.5 Special Subjects 7.6 Future Developments 8. Dynamic Stability 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Seaward Profiles 8.3 Longshore Transport of Stone 8.4 Crest and Rear Slope 9. Stability of Monolithic Breakwaters 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Wave Forces and their Effects 9.3 Scour 9.4 Foundation 10. Wave-structure Interaction 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Reflection 10.3 Run-up 10.4 Overtopping for Rubble Mounds 10.5 Overtopping and Transmission for Vertical Walls 10.6 Transmission by Rubble Mounds 11. Design Practice of Breakwater Cross-sections 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Permeability / Porosity and Layer Thickness 11.3 Berm Breakwater 11.4 Traditional Multi-layered Breakwater 11.5 Monolithic Breakwaters 12. Design Practice for Closure Dams 12.1 Closing an Estuary, Creating Final Gaps in the Tidal Channels 12.2 Blocking the Shallows First 12.3 Blocking the Main Channel First 12.4 Closure Over the Full Dam Length 12.5 Cross Section of Closure Dams 12.6 Final Remarks 13. Construction Methods for Granular Material. 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Scour Prevention by Mattresses 13.3 Construction and Use of Mattresses 13.4 Construction of Granular Filters 13.5 Providing and Handling of Quarry Stone 13.6 Use of Rolling and Floating Equipment 13.7 Very Specific Techniques and Ancillary Equipment 13.8 Minimizing Risks During Construction 14. Construction Methods for Monolithic Structures 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Monolithic Breakwaters 14.3 Caissons 15. Failure Modes and Optimisation 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Failure Mechanisms 15.3 Fault Trees 15.4 Optimization 16. Flow Development in Closure Gaps 16.1 Calculation of Flow in a River Channel 16.2 Calculation of Flow in the Entrance of a Tidal Basin 17. Review 17.1 Breakwaters 17.2 Closure Dams Appendices.

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Biography

Kee's d'Angremond graduated at Delft University of Technology in 1963 in civil engineering. He started working at WLIDelft Hydraulics, where he worked mainly in the field of maritime structures and dredging research. In 1975, he joined Volker Stevin Dredging and was involved in design and construction of a large number of projects in the Netherlands and abroad. From 1987 until 1989 he was managing director of the Port of Amsterdam. In 1989 he was appointed as full professor in Coastal Engineering at Delft University of Technology. Ferd C. van Roode graduated at Delft University of Technology in 1965 in civil engineering. He then joined WLIDelft Hydraulics. From 1970 until his retirement in 1999 he was employed by Royal Boskalis Westminster. As senior engineer in the research department he was (amongst others) involved in preparation and execution of several tidal closures. From 1986 until 2000 he was associate professor at Delft University of Technology on a part time basis.