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Saving endangered species presents a critical and increasingly pressing challenge for conservation and sustainability movements, and is also matter of survival and livelihoods for the world's poorest and vulnerable communities. In 1973, a global Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) was adopted to stem the extinction of many species. In 2015, as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 15) the United Nations called for urgent action to protect endangered species and their natural habitats. CITES as a Tool for Sustainable Development focuses on the legal implementation of CITES to achieve the global SDGs. Activating interdisciplinary analysis and case studies across jurisdictions, the contributors analyse the potential for CITES to promote more sustainable development, proposing international and national regulatory innovations for implementing CITES. They consider recent innovations and key intervention points along flora and fauna value chains, advancing coherent recommendations to strengthen CITES implementation, including through the regulation of trade in endangered species globally and locally.
Part I. Endangered Species, Sustainable Development and the Law
1. Introduction
2. Origins, Evolution and Contribution of CITES to Achieving Sustainable Development
3. Protected Species, Global Commodities and Law for Sustainable Development
Part II. Sustainable Development in Law and Policy on Endangered Species
4 . Shifting the Burden of Wildlife Protection: The Role of Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction in Implementing CITES
5. Analysing CITES Trade Measures
6. CAFTA-DR Environmental Submission Process as a Public Participation Alternative and a Way to Protect CITES-listed Species
Part III. Global Implementation of CITES by Key Species / Commodity
7. Power, Profits and Policy: A Reality Check on CITES and the Prunus Africana Bark Trade
8. The Inclusion of the Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini) in Appendix II of CITES
9. Understanding Markets to Conserve CITES-listed Species
10. Criminal Prosecution and Enforcement Challenges in CITES
Part IV. Case Studies of National Implementation of CITES
11. Sustainable Enterprise Development: Protection of Endangered Species in Omo and Other Potential Biosphere Reserves
12. Biodiversity MEAs Matrix in India: Synergies, Implementation Status and Future Challenges
13. Tanzania's Fight against Illegal Ivory Trade: Law-Enforcement Failures and Non-Compliance with International Environmental Laws
14. The Impact of CITES COP 12 2002 Decision on Mahogany on Peru´s Timber Trade
15. Strengthening CITES Compliance: Improving the Management of Resources Preservation and Cross-Border Wildlife Trade in China
16. How to Reverse the Fallacy of Command-and-Control in Combatting Illegal Trade of Exotic Pets in Brazil
17. Lessons on Sustainable Development and Challenges to Illegal Trade: The Case of Chilean Larch
18. The Return of the Markhor: Why CITES Matters
19. New Technologies for Effective Biodiversity Governance: Lessons from Orangutans in Indonesia
20. Regulation of Import of Hunting Trophies of Exotic Species Into India By Framing a Look-Alike Policy to Conserve Indigenous Wild Fauna
21. Legislation for the Control of the Timber Trade in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Congo Basin
22. Sustaining the Global Frankincense Trade through CITES: Governance Challenges and Complexities
Part V. Emerging Issues and Synergies for CITES in the Context of Sustainable Development:
23. Sustaining Commercial Marine Fisheries for This Generation and Future Generations Using CITES Appendix I and II for Trade Traceability
24. CITES as a Tool for Monitoring and Adaptive Management
25. Linking Global Processes: Institutional Interplay and the Global Sustainable Development Agenda
26. Trade and Zoonotic Diseases
27. The Interface of CITES, the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol: Mutually Supportive Implementation at the National Level
28. The Convention on Biological Diversity (1992) and other Biodiversity Conservation Regimes: Looking through the Lens of Synergy and an Ethical Shift
Part VI. Conclusions
29. New Directions for Law and Policy on Sustainable Development in the Context of CITES and Endangered Species
Marie-Claire Cordonier Segger is Leverhulme Trust Visiting Professor at the University of Cambridge, and Full Professor of Law at the University of Waterloo, Canada. She serves as Senior Director of the Centre for International Sustainable Development Law, also a founding Fellow of the Centre for Environment, Energy and Natural Resources Governance, Fellow of the Lauterpacht Centre for International Law, and Director of Studies and Law Fellow in Lucy Cavendish College, University of Cambridge. Author or editor of over twenty books and 120 papers, she edits the Treaty Implementation for Sustainable Development series and advises countries and international organizations on treaty commitments on climate change, biodiversity, trade and investment, and other Sustainable Development Goals.
David Andrew Wardell has over forty years of experience working on natural resource governance, capacity development and finance issues in over twenty South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. He is a Principal Scientist at CIFOR-ICRAF with the Value Chains, Finance and Investment team based in Montpellier. He was formerly a Visiting Research Fellow at the Centre for World Environment History at the University of Sussex and a Danish diplomat. He has published three books and edited collections, over fifty peer-reviewed articles and book chapters and seventy technical publications.
Alexandra R. Harrington is Lecturer in Law (Environment) at Lancaster University Law School, Research Director for the Centre for International Sustainable Development Law and Fulbright Canada Special Foundation Fellow at the Balsillie School of International Affairs in Waterloo, Canada. She was the 2018–2019 Fulbright Canada Research Chair in Global Governance, based at the Balsillie School of International Affairs. Her other publications include International Organizations and the Law (2018) and International Law and Global Governance: Treaty Regimes and Sustainable Development Goals Interpretation (2021).
Contributors:
- Claire Cordonier Segger
- Andrew Wardell
- Alexandra R Harrington
- John E. Scanlon
- Marcos Regis Silva
- Marceil Yeater
- Jorge Cabrera
- Blessing Ajayi
- Lydia Slobodian
- Markus Gehring
- Jorge Cabera Medaglia
- Laura Elizondo García
- Clarissa Castillo
- A. B. Cunningham
- Terry Sunderland
- Jorge Cabera Medaglia
- Laura Elizondo García
- Daniel W.S. Challender
- Douglas C. MacMillan
- Peter Stoet
- Adepoju Adeshola Olatunde
- Oyelowo Oyetayo
- Kambai Collina
- Falemara Babajide Charles
- Ajay Kumar Saxena
- Alex Kisingo
- Carlos Soria
- Haifeng Deng
- Karen Alvarenga de Oliveira
- Miguel Saldivia
- Tanya Rosen Michel
- Stefan Michel
- Denis Ruysschaert
- Tarun Kathula
- Erick Kassongo
- S. Johnson
- A. DeCarlo
- F. Bongers
- Anastasia Telesetsky
- Annecoos Wiersema
- Casey Stevens
- Patricia Farnese
- Freedom-Kai Phillips
- Frederic Perron-Welch
- Ngozi Finette Stewart
