Comparative Cardiovascular Dynamics of Mammals

About this book

Comparative Cardiovascular Dynamics of Mammals offers never-before-published data on the structure and function of the circulatory systems of the different mammalian species. This text explores classic allometry, dimensional analysis, and modern hemodynamics to establish similarity principles that provide a necessary and important step in understanding the natural common design and functional features of the cardiovascular systems of different mammals.Fluid and blood vessel mechanics, pulse transmission characteristics, cardiac energetics and mechanics, as well as heart-arterial system interaction are included in this essential reference. The sensitivity of parameters and similarity of principles in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases are also addressed. This book also describes the natural processes involved in the functional development of the mammalian cardiovascular system.By using modern methods to present recent findings on the similarities and differences of the mammalian cardiovascular system, the author provides an easily understood approach to this dynamic field of study.

Contents

Introduction The Mammalian Species The Cardiovascular System Function of the Circulation Book Content Comparative Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulation The Heart Arteries The Veins The Microvasculature Comparative Analysis With Allometry Modeling Principles and Comparison Across Species Allometric Equation and Definitions Growth and Differential Growth The Importance of Body Size and Organ Size Circulatory Allometry Introduction of Allometry to Hemodynamics Dimensional Analysis for Identifying Circulatory Similarities Basic Mathematical Tools Dimensional Analysis and the Pi-Theorem Methods for Establishing Similarity Principles Illustrative Examples Cardiac Mechanics Cardiac Muscle Mechanics Starling's Law Applied to the Mammalian Heart SImilar Ejection Fraction and Contractility of the Heart The Pressure-Volume Curve Arterial System Function Rheological Properties of Mammalian Arteries Pressure and Flow Relationship: The Windkessel and Vascular Input Impedance Pulse Propagation Wavelength and System Length Pulse Wave Reflections Pulsatile Power Generation and Energy Dissipation Similarity Analysis of the Cardiovascular Function Laminar and Turbulent Flow in Mammalian Arteries Blood Pressure and Flow Waveforms Laplace's Law The Heart Rate Energetics and Efficiency of the Mammalian Heart Arterioles, Venules, Capillaries, and the Red Blood Cells Myocardial Oxygen Consumption, Blood Flow, and Metabolic Turn-Over Rate Closed-Loop Analysis of the Circulation Fundamentals of Biological Controls Allometry in Cardiovascular Control Heart-Arterial System Interaction Differentiating the Normal and the Diseased Cardiovascular System Optimality and Similarity External Work, Optimal Power, and Efficiency Geometry and Elasticity: Low Loss Aorta and Branching Characteristics, Minimum Shear Minimum Local Reflections and Area Ratio The Natural Design Characteristics References Index

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