Wastewater Irrigation and Health Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-income Countries

About this book

In many countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in very poor quality water being used for irrigation and the cultivation of consumable produce. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly in expanding urban areas. "Wastewater Irrigation and Health" approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings.

The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which tend to target high-end treatment options or merely report that wastewater irrigation is a common phenomenon. The editors of "Wastewater Irrigation and Health" move the focus onto quantifying risk in order to reduce it. It presents the state-of-the-art on low-cost options for health risk reduction in line with the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines published by the World Health Organization.

Contents

Preface Foreword List of Acronyms and Abbreviations Part I: Setting the Stage 1: Wastewater, Sludge and Excreta Use in Developing Countries: An Overview 2: Assessing and Mitigating Wastewater Related Health Risks in Low-Income Countries: An Introduction Part II: Risks and Risk Assessment 3: Risk Analysis and Epidemiology: The 2006 WHO Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture 4: Approaches to Evaluate and Develop Health Risk-Based Standards Using Available Data 5: Tools for Risk Analysis: Updating the 2006 WHO Guidelines 6: Non-Pathogenic Tradeoffs of Wastewater Irrigation 7: Risk Analysis Integrating Livelihood and Economic Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Health Part III: Minimizing Health Risks 8: Wastewater Treatment for Pathogen Removal and Nutrient Conservation: Suitable Systems for Use in Developing Countries 9: Low-Cost Options for Pathogen Reduction and Nutrient Recovery from Faecal Sludge 10: Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Microbiological Health Risks for Consumers from Informal Wastewater-Irrigated Agriculture 11: Farm-Based Measures for Reducing Human and Environmental Health Risks from Chemical Constituents in Wastewater 12: Applying the Multiple-Barrier Approach for Microbial Risk Reduction in the Post-Harvest Sector of Wastewater Irrigated Vegetables 13: Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Interventions for Diarrhoea Disease Reduction among Consumers of Wastewater-Irrigated Lettuce in Ghana Part IV: Wastewater Governance and Adoption of Risk Reduction Options 14: Challenging Conventional Approaches to Wastewater Use in Agriculture 15: Designing Reuse-Oriented Sanitation Infrastructure: The Design for Service Planning Approach 16: Facilitating the Adoption of Food Safety Interventions in the Street Food Sector and on Farm 17: Harnessing Farmers' Knowledge and Perceptions for Health Risk Reduction in Wastewater Irrigated Agriculture 18: Multi-Stakeholder Processes for Managing Wastewater Use in Agriculture Part V: Conclusions and Outlook 19: Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Challenges and Outlook for Mitigating Risks in Low-Income Countries

Customer Reviews

Biography

Pay Drechsel is Global Theme Leader on 'Water Quality, Health & Environment' at the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Ghana. Liqa Raschid-Sally is Senior Scientist at the IWMI, Ghana. Mark Redwood is Senior Program Officer at the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), Ottawa, Canada. Akica Bahiri is Director for Africa at the IWMI, Ghana.