The ferns and their allies, the cycads and the gymnosperms make up this volume. An introduction includes information on structural variation, phylogeny, higher level classification, the fossil record and keys to 43 families. This is followed by keys and richly illustrated descriptions of more than 450 species and infra-specific taxa in upwards of 110 genera. This is the first comprehensive, Australia-wide treatment of non-flowering vascular plants in more than 100 years.