The first book to bring together the author's 40 years of research in several major forests of the world. The book includes new genera and new species of fungi. It also includes the most recent 20 years of literature search and experimental results on the tree-rust evolution. New evidence and theories on flora analyses and proposed flora names are provided. The English monographic papers include studies of white-pine blister rust flora of North America and East Asia, western gall rust speciation and the evidence of variability in pathogenicity of genetic population, the forest fungi of the Alaskan inland ecosystem, the forest diseases and insects of the Tibetan Plateau and its integrated past management, and fungi resources of tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora) in California.