Pine Wilt Disease

About this book

Pine forests face a global threat of pine wilt disease, which is being spread by vector beetles carrying pathogenic nematodes from dead trees to healthy ones. Among the host pines there are varying degrees of susceptibility, and nematode strains also contain a variety of virulences, both of which factors help to determine whether infected host trees will die or survive. As well, biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence the fate of infected trees.

This book describes the history of the disease, pathogenic nematodes, vector beetles, the etiology and ecology of the disease, microorganisms involved, and control methods that utilize host resistance and biological control agents. Concrete, comprehensive, and the most up-to-date knowledge about this worldwide forest epidemic is presented for readers, enabling them to understand the nature and epidemic threat of pine wilt disease.

Contents

ForewordPrefaceContributorsPart I Historical Overview 1: Introduction Kazuyoshi Futai2: Pine Wilt in Japan: From First Incidence to the Present Kazuyoshi Futai3: A Brief Overview of The Pine Wood Nematode and Pine Wilt Disease in Canada and The United States Jack R. Sutherland4: Pine Wilt Disease in China Bo Guang Zhao5: Pine Wilt Disease in Korea Sang-Chul Shin6: Pine Wilt Disease in Portugal Manuel M. Mota and Paulo C. Vieira7: Concluding Remarks Kazuyoshi FutaiPart II Pine Wood Nematode 8: Introduction Natsumi Kanzaki9: Taxonomy and Systematics of the Nematode Genus Bursaphelenchus (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) Natsumi Kanzaki10: Parasitism Genes of the Pine Wood Nematode Taisei Kikuchi11: Embryology and Cytology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Koichi Hasegawa and Johji Miwa12: Population Ecology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Shuhei Takemoto13: Transmission Biology of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Relation to Its Insect Vector Takuya Aikawa14: Concluding Remarks Natsumi KanzakiPart III The Vector Beetle15: Introduction Katsumi Togashi16: Vector?Host Tree Relationships and the Abiotic Environment Katsunori Nakamura-Matori17: Vector?Nematode Relationships and Epidemiology in Pine Wilt Disease Katsumi Togashi18: Molecular Ecology of Vectors Etsuko Shoda-Kagaya19: Concluding Remarks Katsumi TogashiPart IV Host Responses and Wilting Mechanisms 20: Introduction Keiko Kuroda21: Physiological Incidences Related to Symptom Development and Wilting Mechanism Keiko Kuroda22: Biochemical Responses in Pine Trees Affected by Pine Wilt Disease Toshihiro Yamada23: Host Fate Following Infection by the Pine Wood Nematode Yuko Takeuchi24: The Role of Bacteria Associated with the Pine Wood Nematode in Pathogenicity and Toxin-Production Related to Pine Wilt Bo Guang Zhao and Rong Gui Li25: Concluding Remarks Toshihiro YamadaPart V Related Microbes 26: Introduction Noritoshi Maehara27: Bacteria Carried by the Pine Wood Nematode and Their Symbiotic Relationship with the Nematode Bo Guang Zhao28: Nematode Fauna and Fungal Flora in Infected Pine Trees Rina Sriwati29: Interactions of Pine Wood Nematodes, Wood-Inhabiting Fungi, and Vector Beetles Noritoshi Maehara30: Concluding Remarks Noritoshi MaeharaPart VI Management of Pine Wilt Disease 31: Introduction Mitsuaki Shimazu32: Integrated Pest Management of Pine Wilt Disease in Japan: Tactics and Strategies Naoto Kamata33: Recent Advances in the Integrated Management of the Pine Wood Nematode in China Fuyuan Xu34: Breeding for Resistance to Pine Wilt Disease Mine Nose and Susumu Shiraishi35: Biological Control of the Japanese Pine Sawyer Beetle, Monochamus alternatus Mitsuaki Shimazu36: Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Controlling the Japanese Pine Sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Long Ke Phan37: Concluding Remarks Mitsuaki ShimazuAddendum by Dr. YokoyamaAddendum by Dr. YuReferencesIndexSpecies Index

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