The Amphibians and Reptiles of El Salvador

About this book

As presently understood, the herpetofauna of El Salvador consists of 130 species representing 88 genera and 30 families. For each of these species the following information is provided: (1) a partial synonymy, including reference, the current name, and references to the species in El Salvador; (2) the total geographic distribution; (3) ecological distribution in El Salvador; (4) a short description of the morphology; (5) natural history and taxonomic comments; (6) conservation status of evaluated species; and (7) a list of Salvadoran specimens examined and their locality data. Distribution maps and colour photographs are provided for each species. Dichotomous keys for the identification of the orders, genera, and species of Salvadoran amphibians (including tadpoles) and reptiles are provided in English and Spanish.

Contents

Ackwledgments; Abstract/Resumen; Chapter 1. Introduction; Chapter 2. Materials and Methods; Chapter 3. The Environment; Physiography; Climate; Vegetation; Chapter 4. Composition of the Herpetofauna of El Salvador; Amphibian and Reptile Taxa with a Type Locality in El Salvador; Erroneous and Questionable Records; Chapter 5. Class Amphibia; Key to Adults of the Orders of Amphibians; Clave para Determinar el Orden de Anfibios Adultos; Order Gymnophiona (Caecilians); Family Caeciliidae - Dermophis mexicanus; Order Caudata (Salamanders); Key to the Salamanders of El Salvador; Clave para las Salamandras de El Salvador; Family Plethodontidae; Bolitoglossa heiroreias; Bolitoglossa salvinii; Bolitoglossa synoria; Oedipina taylori. Order Anura (Frogs); Key to the Frogs and Toads of El Salvador; Clave para las Ranas y Sapos de El Salvador; Family Bufonidae; Bufo canaliferus; Bufo coccifer; Bufo luetkenii; Bufo marinus; Bufo valliceps; Family Centrolenidae; Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni; Family Hylidae; Agalychnis moreletii; Hyla robertmertensi; Phrynohyas venulosa; Plectrohyla guatemalensis; Plectrohyla psiloderma; Plectrohyla sagorum; Plectrohyla euthysanota; Plectrohyla salvadorensis; Scinax staufferi; Smilisca baudinii; Family Leptodactylidae; Eleutherodactylus rhodopis; Eleutherodactylus rupinius; Leptodactylus fragilis; Leptodactylus melanonotus; Physalaemus pustulosus; Family Microhylidae; Gastrophryne usta; Hypopachus barberi; Hypopachus variolosus; Family Ranidae; Rana forreri; Rana maculata; Family Rhinophrynidae; Rhinophrynus dorsalis; Larval Anurans; Key to the Larval Anurans of El Salvador; Clave para los Renacuajos de El Salvador; Chapter 6. Class Reptilia; Key to the Major Groups of Reptiles in El Salvador; Clave para los Grupos Mayores de Reptiles en El Salvador; Order Crocodylia (Crocodilians); Key to the Crocodilians of El Salvador; Clave para los Crocodrilos de El Salvador; Family Alligatoridae; Caiman crocodilus; Family Crocodylidae; Crocodylus acutus; Order Testudines (Turtles); Key to the Turtles of El Salvador; Clave para las Tortugas de El Salvador; Family Cheloniidae; Chelonia mydas; Eretmochelys imbricata. Lepidochelys olivacea; Family Dermochelyidae; Dermochelys coriacea; Family Emydidae; Trachemys venusta; Family Geoemydidae; Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima; Family Kinosternidae; Kinosternon scorpioides; Staurotypus salvinii; Suborder Sauria (Lizards); Key to the Lizards of El Salvador; Clave para las Lagartijas de El Salvador; Family Anguidae; Abronia montecristoi; Celestus atitlanensis; Mesaspis moreletii; Family Eublepharidae; Coleonyx elegans; Coleonyx mitratus; Family Gekkonidae; Gonatodes albogularis; Hemidactylus frenatus; Phyllodactylus tuberculosus; Family Gymnophthalmidae; Gymnophthalmus speciosus; Family Iguanidae; Basiliscus vittatus; Corytophanes percarinatus; Ctenosaura flavidorsalis; Ctenosaura similis; Iguana iguana; Norops crassulus; Norops heteropholidotus; Norops macrophallus; Norops sericeus; Norops serranoi; Norops tropidonotus; Sceloporus malachiticus; Sceloporus squamosus; Sceloporus variabilis; Family Scincidae; Mabuya unimarginata; Mesoscincus managuae; Sphenomorphus assatus; Family Teiidae; Ameiva undulata; Aspidoscelis deppii; Aspidoscelis motaguae; Family Xantusiidae; Lepidophyma smithii; Suborder Serpentes (Snakes); Key to the Snakes of El Salvador; Clave para las Serpientes de El Salvador; Family Boidae; Boa constrictor; Family Colubridae; Coniophanes fissidens; Coniophanes piceivittis; Conophis lineatus; Crisantophis nevermanni; Dryadophis dorsalis; Dryadophis melanolomus; Drymarchon corais; Drymobius chloroticus; Drymobius margaritiferus; Enulius flavitorques; Geophis fulvoguttatus; Geophis rhodogaster; Imantodes gemmistratus; Lampropeltis triangulum; Leptodeira annulata; Leptodeira nigrofasciata; Leptodeira septentrionalis; Leptodrymus pulcherrimus; Leptophis mexicanus; Leptophis modestus; Masticophis mentovarius; Ninia espinali; Ninia sebae; Oxybelis aeneus; Oxybelis fulgidus; Pliocercus elapoides; Rhadinaea godmani; Rhadinaea kinkelini; Rhadinaea montecristi; Rhadinaea pilonaorum; Scaphiodontophis annulatus; Scolecophis atrocinctus; Senticolis triaspis; Sibon anthracops; Sibon carri; Sibon nebulatus; Spilotes pullatus; Stenorrhina freminvillii; Tantilla armillata; Tantilla brevicauda; Tantilla taeniata; Tantilla vermiformis; Thamnophis fulvus; Thamnophis proximus; Trimorphodon biscutatus; Tropidodipsas fischeri; Tropidodipsas sartorii; Family Elapidae; Micrurus nigrocinctus; Pelamis platurus; Family Leptotyphlopidae; Leptotyphlops goudotii; Family Loxocemidae; Loxocemus bicolor; Family Typhlopidae; Ramphotyphlops braminus; Family Viperidae; Agkistrodon bilineatus; Atropoides nummifer; Cerrophidion godmani; Crotalus durissus; Porthidium ophryomegas; Literature Cited; Index.

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Biography

Gunther Kohler, PhD, is the head of the Department of Herpetology at the Research Institute Senckenberg in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and director of the Conservation Project Utila Iguana, Honduras. To date, he has produced hundreds of popular articles, scientific articles, and books on herpetology, most of which pertain to Central American amphibians and reptiles. Milan Vesely, PhD, RNDr, is an assistant professor in the Department of Zoology at the Palacky University in Olomouc, Czech Republic, and vice president of the Czech Herpetological Society. He has published several scientific papers on reptile ecology, taxonomy, and parasites. Eli Greenbaum is a PhD candidate in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Kansas. He received degrees from Binghamton University (BS) and University of Louisiana at Monroe (MS). He has published several scientific papers on turtle development, viper behavior and venom biochemistry, and taxonomy of amphibians and reptiles from Central America and West Africa.