Throughout the vast range of ecological conditions that European roe deer occupy, they have demonstrated an ability to thrive and be successful. This book seeks to examine all aspects of roe deer biology, including behaviour, reproductive and digestive physiology, life history variation genetics, evolution, historical distribution, and their interaction with humans and predators. The central theme is to explain exactly why roe deer have been such a success. The book is a result of cooperation between 39 authors from 26 institutes in 9 countries.