The SUDS Manual

About this book

This guidance provides best practice guidance on the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SUDS) to facilitate their effective implementation within developments.

Contents

Contents; Executive Summary; Introduction to this document; 1 Introduction to SUDS; 1.1 Sustainable drainage systems; 1.2 Drivers for a shift to sustainable drainage; 1.3 Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS); 1.4 References; 2. Roles, responsibilities and regulation; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Surface water drainage stakeholders; 2.3 Drainage and planning; 2.4 The development process; 2.5 Legislation and controls on surface water drainage; 2.6 References; 3. Design criteria; 3.1 Introduction to design criteria; 3.2 Hydraulic criteria; 3.3 Water quality criteria; 3.4 Amenity criteria; 3.5 Ecology criteria; 3.6 Sustainability principles; 3.7 Summary of drainage criteria; 3.8 References; 4. Hydraulic design methods; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Greenfield runoff; 4.3 Development runoff; 4.4 Conveyance design; 4.5 Storage design; 4.6 Drainage system sizing: final assessment and modelling; 4.7 Infiltration design; 4.8 Drainage software: use and limitations; 4.9 Downstream hydrologic assessment; 4.10 References; 5. SUDS selection; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 SUDS selection criteria; 5.3 Linking SUDS together to form a management train; 5.4 The SUDS selection process. 5.5 References; 6. Source control; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Site design techniques; 6.3 Site management techniques; 6.4 Green roofs; 6.5 Soakaways; 6.6 Water butts; 6.7 Rainwater harvesting; 6.8 References; 7. Pre-treatment; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Sediment sumps; 7.3 Hydrodynamic / vortex separators; 7.4 Proprietary filtration systems; 7.5 Catch basin modifications; 7.6 Oil separators; 7.7 Operation and maintenance requirements; 7.8 Construction requirements; 7.9 References; 8. Filter strips; 8.1 General description; 8.2 Selection and siting of filter strips; 8.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 8.4 Physical specifications; 8.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 8.6 Outlets; 8.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 8.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 8.9 Construction requirements; 8.10 References; 9. Trenches; 9.1 General description; 9.2 Selection and siting of trenches; 9.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 9.4 Physical specifications; 9.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 9.6 Outlets; 9.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 9.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 9.9 Construction requirements; 9.10 References; 10. Swales; 10.1 General description; 10.2 Selection and siting of swales; 10.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 10.4 Physical specifications; Design for safety and maintenance; 10.5 Check dams; 10.6 Pre-treatment / inlets; 10.7 Outlets; 10.8 Landscaping and vegetation; 10.9 Operation and maintenance requirements; 10.10 Construction requirements; 10.11 References; 11. Bioretention; 11.1 General description; 11.2 Selection and siting of bioretention areas; 11.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 11.4 Physical specifications; 11.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 11.6 Outlets; 11.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 11.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 11.9 Construction requirements; 11.10 References; 12. Pervious pavements; 12.1 General description; 12.2 Selection and siting of pervious pavements; 12.3 Pavement design; 12.4 Pre-treatment / inlets; 12.5 Outlets; 12.6 Vegetation; 12.7 Landscaping; 12.8 Operation and maintenance requirements. 12.9 Construction requirements; 12.10 References; 13. Geocellular / modular systems; 13.1 General description; 13.2 Selection and siting of geocellular systems; 13.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 13.4 Physical specifications; 13.5 Materials / structural design; 13.6 Pre-treatment / inlets; 13.7 Outlets; 13.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 13.9 Construction requirements; 13.10 References; 14. Sand filters; 14.1 General description; 14.2 Selection and siting of sand filters; 14.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 14.4 Physical specifications; 14.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 14.6 Outlets; 14.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 14.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 14.9 Construction requirements; 14.10 References; 15. Infiltration basins; 15.1 General description; 15.2 Selection and siting of infiltration basins; 15.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 15.4 Physical / geometric specifications; 15.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 15.6 Outlets; 15.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 15.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 15.9 Construction requirements; 15.10 References; 16. Detention basins; 16.1 General description; 16.2 Selection and siting of detention basins; 16.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 16.4 Physical / geometric specifications; 16.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 16.6 Outlets; 16.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 16.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 16.9 Construction requirements; 16.10 References; 17. Ponds; 17.1 General description; 17.2 Selection and siting of ponds; 17.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 17.4 Physical specifications; 17.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 17.6 Outlets; 17.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 17.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 17.9 Construction requirements; 17.10 References; 18. Stormwater wetlands; 18.1 General description; 18.2 Selection and siting of wetlands; 18.3 Hydraulic and water quality design; 18.4 Physical specifications; 18.5 Pre-treatment / inlets; 18.6 Outlets; 18.7 Landscaping and vegetation; 18.8 Operation and maintenance requirements; 18.9 Construction requirements; 18.10 References; 19. Inlets and outlets; 19.1 General design considerations; 19.2 Inlet and outlet layout; 19.3 Soft and hard solutions to hydraulic control; 19.4 Inlet systems; 19.5 Outlet systems; 19.6 Outlet protection; 19.7 Energy dissipation; 19.8 Trashracks and security grilles; 19.9 Flow measurement; 19.10 References; 20. Landscape; 20.1 Introduction; 20.2 Landscaping objectives for SUDS performance; 20.3 Site characteristics; 20.4 Plant selection; 20.5 Planting guidance; 20.6 References; 21. Construction; 21.1 Construction practice; 21.2 Programming; 21.3 Erosion control; 21.4 Sedimentation; 21.5 Pollution control; 21.6 Pollution sources and prevention; 21.7 Construction planning; 21.8 Contractor's method statements; 21.9 Post construction rehabilitation and hand-over; 21.10 References; 22. Operation and maintenance; 22.1 Introduction; 22.2 Owners manual; 22.3 Level of operation and maintenance; 22.4 Operation and maintenance activity categories; 22.5 Health and safety; 22.6 Regular maintenance activities; 22.7 Irregular maintenance activities; 22.8 Remedial maintenance; 22.9 Applications of the principles of landscape maintenance; 22.10 References; 23. Waste management; 23.1 Introduction; 23.2 Properties of sediments; 23.3 Sediment categorisation; 23.4 Sediment removal requirements; 23.5 De-watering of SUDS; 23.6 Sediment disposal options; 23.7 Waste treatment; 23.8 Regulatory implications; 23.9 References; 24. Community engagement; 24.1 Public perception; 24.2 Public engagement; 24.3 Public engagement methods; 24.4 Facilitating the integration of suds within the community; 24.5 Managing public health and safety concerns; 24.6 Examples of community engagement strategies for SUDS schemes; 24.7 References; 25. Costs and benefits; 25.1 Introduction; 25.2 Construction costs; 25.3 Design; contingency and planning costs; 25.4 Land costs; 25.5 Operation and maintenance costs; 25.6 Monitoring costs; 25.7 Residual costs; 25.8 Disposal / decommissioning; 25.9 Environmental costs and benefits; 25.10 Whole life costing; 25.11 Whole life costing case study: Hopwood Services; 25.12 References.

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