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Carbon is one of the most important elements of our planet, and 90% of it resides inside Earth's interior. Deep Carbon summarizes 10 years of research by scientists involved in the Deep Carbon Observatory, a global community of 1200 scientists. It is a comprehensive guide to carbon inside Earth, including its quantities, movements, forms, origins, changes over time, and impact on planetary processes. Leading experts from a variety of fields, including geoscience, biology, chemistry, and physics, provide exciting new insights into the interconnected nature of the global carbon cycle, and explains why it matters to the past, present, and future of our planet. With end-of-chapter problems, illustrative infographics, full-colour images, and access to online models and datasets, it is a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers, and professional scientists interested in carbon cycling and Earth system science.
1. Introduction to 'Deep Carbon: Past to Present' / Beth N. Orcutt, Isabelle Daniel, Rajdeep Dasgupta, Darlene Trew Crist and Marie Edmonds
2. Origin and Early Differentiation of Carbon and Associated Life-Essential Volatile Elements on Earth / Rajdeep Dasgupta and Damanveer S. Grewal
3. Carbon Versus Other Light Elements in Earth's Core / Jie Li, Bin Chen, Mainak Mookherjee and Guillaume Morard
4. Carbon-bearing Phases Throughout Earth's Interior: Evolution Through Space and Time / Vincenzo Stagno, Valerio Cerantola, Sonja Aulbach, Sergey Lobanov, Catherine A. McCammon and Marco Merlini
5. Diamonds and the Mantle Geodynamics of Carbon: Deep Mantle Carbon Evolution From the Diamond Record / Steven B. Shirey, Karen V. Smit, D. Graham Pearson, Michael J. Walter, Sonja Aulbach, Frank E. Brenker, Hélène Bureau, Antony D. Burnham, Pierre Cartigny, Thomas Chacko, Daniel J. Frost, Erik H. Hauri, Dorrit E. Jacob, Steven D. Jacobsen, Simon C. Kohn, Robert W. Luth, Sami Mikhail, Oded Navon, Fabrizio Nestola, Paolo Nimis, Evan M. Smith, Thomas Stachel, Vincenzo Stagno, Andrew Steele, Emilie Thomassot, Andrew R. Thomson and Yakov Weiss
6. CO2-rich Melts in the Earth / Gregory Yaxley, Sujoy Ghosh, Ekaterina Kiseeva, Ananya Mallik, Carl Spandler, Andrew R. Thomson and Michael J. Walter
7. The Link between Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon-bearing Melts and its Application for Geophysical Image of the Earth's Mantle / Fabrice Gaillard, Nicolas Sator, Emmanuel Gardes, Bertrand Guillot, Malcolm Massuyeau, David Sifré, Tahar Hammouda and Guillaume Richard
8. Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Subaerial Volcanic Regions: Two Decades in Review / Cynthia Werner, Tobias P. Fischer, Alessandro Aiuppa, Marie Edmonds, Carlo Cardellini, Simon Carn, Giovanni Chiodini, Elizabeth Cottrell, Mike Burton, Hiroshi Shinohara and Patrick Allard
9. Carbon in the Convecting Mantle / Erik H. Hauri, Elizabeth Cottrell, Katherine A. Kelley, Jonathan M. Tucker, Kei Shimizu, Marion Le Voyer, Jared Marske and Alberto E. Saal
10. How Do Subduction Zones Regulate the Carbon Cycle? / Matthieu Emmanuel Galvez and Manuel Pubellier
11. A Framework for Understanding Whole Earth Carbon Cycling / Cin-Ty A. Lee, Hehe Jiang, Rajdeep Dasgupta and Mark Torres
12. The Influence of Nanoporosity on the Behavior of Carbon-bearing Fluids / David Cole and Alberto Striolo
13. A Two-dimensional Perspective on CH4 Isotope Clumping: Distinguishing Process from Source / Edward D. Young
14. Earth as Organic Chemist / Everett Shock, Christiana Bockisch, Charlene Estrada, Kristopher Fecteau, Ian R. Gould, Hilairy Hartnett, Kristin Johnson, Kirtland Robinson, Jessie Shipp and Lynda Williams
15. New Perspectives on Abiotic Organic Synthesis and Processing During Hydrothermal Alteration of the Oceanic Lithosphere / Muriel Andreani and Bénédicte Ménez
16. Carbon in the Deep Biosphere: Forms, Fates, and Biogeochemical Cycling / Susan Q. Lang, Magdalena R. Osburn and Andrew D. Steen
17. Biogeography, Ecology and Evolution of Deep Life / Cara Magnabosco, Jennifer F. Biddle, Charles S. Cockell, Sean P. Jungbluth and Katrina I. Twing
18. The Genetics, Biochemistry, and Biophysics of Carbon Cycling by Deep Life / Karen G. Lloyd, Cody S. Sheik, Bertrand Garcia-Moreno and Catherine A. Royer
19. Energy Limits for Life in the Subsurface / Doug LaRowe and Jan Amend
20. Deep Carbon Through Deep Time: Data-driven Insights / Robert M. Hazen, Yana Bromberg, Robert T. Downs, Ahmed Eleish, Paul G. Falkowski, Peter Fox, Donato Giovannelli, Daniel R. Hummer, Grethe Hystad, Joshua J. Golden, Andrew H. Knoll, Congrui Li, Chao Liu, Eli K. Moore, Shaunna M. Morrison, A. D. Muscente, Anirudh Prabhu, Jolyon Ralph, Michelle Y. Rucker, Simone E. Runyon, Lisa A. Warden and Hao Zhong
Beth Orcutt is a senior research scientist at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, USA. Her research focuses on understanding microscopic life at and below the seafloor. Having clocked over 600 days at sea on field missions, including dives to the seafloor in the Alvin Submersible, she is an expert in ocean exploration. Orcutt has received a Kavli Frontiers in Science fellowship and the 2018 Geobiology and Geomicrobiology Division post-tenure award from the Geological Society of America.
Isabelle Daniel is Professor of Earth Sciences at the Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, France. She is also affiliated with the Laboratoire de Geologie de Lyon and chairs the Observatoire de Lyon. Her research focuses on geobiology and minerals, rocks, and fluids under extreme conditions. She investigates serpentinization and serpentine minerals, fluid-rock interactions at high pressure and microorganisms under extreme conditions. She is a fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America.
Rajdeep Dasgupta is Professor of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences at Rice University, Texas, USA. His research focuses on deep processes of Earth and planetary interiors, which he pursues using geochemical and petrological approaches. He is a recipient of the James B. Macelwane Medal and Hisashi Kuno Award from the American Geophysical Union, the FW Clarke Medal from the Geochemical Society, the Faculty Early Career Award from NSF, the Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering. He is also a fellow of the American Geophysical Union.
Contributors:
- Beth N. Orcutt
- Isabelle Daniel
- Rajdeep Dasgupta
- Darlene Trew Crist
- Marie Edmonds
- Damanveer S. Grewal
- Jie Li
- Bin Chen
- Mainak Mookherjee
- Guillaume Morard
- Vincenzo Stagno
- Valerio Cerantola
- Sonja Aulbach
- Sergey Lobanov
- Catherine A. McCammon
- Marco Merlini
- Steven B. Shirey
- Karen V. Smit
- D. Graham Pearson
- Michael J. Walter
- Frank E. Brenker
- Hélène Bureau
- Antony D. Burnham
- Pierre Cartigny
- Thomas Chacko
- Daniel J. Frost
- Erik H. Hauri
- Dorrit E. Jacob
- Steven D. Jacobsen
- Simon C. Kohn
- Robert W. Luth
- Sami Mikhail
- Oded Navon
- Fabrizio Nestola
- Paolo Nimis
- Evan M. Smith
- Thomas Stachel
- Andrew Steele
- Emilie Thomassot
- Andrew R. Thomson
- Yakov Weiss
- Gregory Yaxley
- Sujoy Ghosh
- Ekaterina Kiseeva
- Ananya Mallik
- Carl Spandler
- Fabrice Gaillard
- Nicolas Sator
- Emmanuel Gardes
- Bertrand Guillot
- Malcolm Massuyeau
- David Sifré
- Tahar Hammouda
- Guillaume Richard
- Cynthia Werner
- Tobias P. Fischer
- Alessandro Aiuppa
- Carlo Cardellini
- Simon Carn
- Giovanni Chiodini
- Elizabeth Cottrell
- Mike Burton
- Hiroshi Shinohara
- Patrick Allard
- Katherine A. Kelley
- Jonathan M. Tucker
- Kei Shimizu
- Marion Le Voyer
- Jared Marske
- Alberto E. Saal
- Matthieu Emmanuel Galvez
- Manuel Pubellier
- Cin-Ty A. Lee
- Hehe Jiang
- Mark Torres
- David Cole
- Alberto Striolo
- Edward D. Young
- Everett Shock
- Christiana Bockisch
- Charlene Estrada
- Kristopher Fecteau
- Ian R. Gould
- Hilairy Hartnett
- Kristin Johnson
- Kirtland Robinson
- Jessie Shipp
- Lynda Williams
- Muriel Andreani
- Bénédicte Ménez
- Susan Q. Lang
- Magdalena R. Osburn
- Andrew D. Steen
- Cara Magnabosco
- Jennifer F. Biddle
- Charles S. Cockell
- Sean P. Jungbluth
- Katrina I. Twing
- Karen G. Lloyd
- Cody S. Sheik
- Bertrand Garcia-Moreno
- Catherine A. Royer
- Doug LaRowe
- Jan Amend
- Robert M. Hazen
- Yana Bromberg
- Robert T. Downs
- Ahmed Eleish
- Paul G. Falkowski
- Peter Fox
- Donato Giovannelli
- Daniel R. Hummer
- Grethe Hystad
- Joshua J. Golden
- Andrew H. Knoll
- Congrui Li
- Chao Liu
- Eli K. Moore
- Shaunna M. Morrison
- A. D. Muscente
- Anirudh Prabhu
- Jolyon Ralph
- Michelle Y. Rucker
- Simone E. Runyon
- Lisa A. Warden
- Hao Zhong
