Language: English with bilingual summary and keys in English and Portuguese
The results of a taxonomic study of the 39 species of the Brazil nut family (Lecythidaceae) found in the 1000-ha control reserve (Reserve 1501 or "Km 41") of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project of the Smithsonian Institution and the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia are reported. Descriptions, keys, habitat preferences, phenology, distribution and representative specimens, common names (when available), and comments are provided for all species found in the reserve. An illustration of at least one species in each genus is included, and discussions and illustrations of features useful in distinguishing central Amazonian species of Lecythidaceae are presented. Three new species, Eschweilera rankiniae, E. romeu-cardosoi, and Lecythis gracieana, are described. Keys for identification of the genera and species within genera are provided in Portuguese as well as English.