This work draws on historical records from the last 150 years and on records from the Wiltshire Butterfly Mapping Scheme to present the first butterfly atlas for the county. It provides an account of the changing fortunes of the 48 species found in the county. Each species is illustrated with at least one photograph, and additional photos show some of the county's typical butterfly habitats. Distribution maps show the status of each species in the county, and diagrams show typical flight periods and results of transect counts for most species. Introductory chapters cover Wiltshire's butterfly habitats, the history of butterfly recording and the status of butterflies in Wiltshire.