2 Editorial
Guy Freeman
3 The environmental history and archaeology of nature reserves
Andrew Hoaen
10 Conservation of native black poplar using seeds
Simon Kallow, Rachael Davies, Roberta Gargiulo, Joanna Walmisley, Simon Richards, Gillian Jonusas, Paul Holton and Clare Trivedi
16 Wilding hedgerows in modern landscapes
Barry Wright and Ian D. Rotherham
24 Protecting rivers in Greater Manchester through Riverfly Partnership citizen science
Adam Moolna
30 VIEWPOINT: Agricultural subsidies past, present and future – a farmer’s view
Answers by Mike McDowall
36 Briefing
40 On the ground