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Most of the technological developments relevant to water supply and wastewater date back to more than to five thousand years ago. These developments were driven by the necessity to make efficient use of natural resources, to make civilizations more resistant to destructive natural elements, and to improve the standards of life, both at public and private level. Rapid technological progress in the 20th century created a disregard for past sanitation and wastewater and stormwater technologies that were considered to be far behind the present ones. A great deal of unresolved problems in the developing world related to the wastewater management principles, such as the decentralization of the processes, the durability of the water projects, the cost effectiveness, and sustainability issues, such as protection from floods and droughts were intensified to an unprecedented degree. New problems have arisen such as the contamination of surface and groundwater. Naturally, intensification of unresolved problems has led to the reconsideration of successful past achievements.
This retrospective view, based on archaeological, historical, and technical evidence, has shown two things: the similarity of physicochemical and biological principles with the present ones and the advanced level of wastewater engineering and management practices. Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries presents and discusses the major achievements in the scientific fields of sanitation and hygienic water use systems throughout the millennia, and compares the water technological developments in several civilizations.
Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries provides valuable insights into ancient wastewater and stormwater management technologies with their apparent characteristics of durability, adaptability to the environment, and sustainability. These technologies are the underpinning of modern achievements in sanitary engineering and wastewater management practices. It is the best proof that "the past is the key for the future".
Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Technologies through the Centuries is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses of Water Resources, Civil Engineering, Hydraulics, Ancient History, Archaeology, Environmental Management and is also a valuable resource for all researchers in the these fields.
- The very early (pre historian) sanitary sewers and drainage systems, e. g. in Babylonia and Mesopotamian Empires, in Bronze Ages, in Ancient South Asia and especially in Indus (Harappan) civilizations, and in Ancient Egypt. The sanitation and wastewater and stormwater management in historical times, e. g. Drainage and Sewage Management in Ancient Greece
- Sanitation in ancient Athens, Greece
- Water Borne Diseases and Hippocrates
- Drainage and Sewage Management in Roman times
- Evolution of Sanitation Services in Rome city's Between Urban Development and Environmental Quality
- Water supply and sewerage system of Diocletian's Palace in Split
- The Evolution of Sanitation in the Rural Area of Southwest China: with Case of Dai Villages of Jing Hong, Yunnan Province
- The History of Sanitation and Wastewater Management in Cyprus
- The History of Sanitation and Wastewater Management in Portugal
- History of Sanitation in Tunisia since the Roman times
- History of the sewerage system in Barcelona, Spain: From its origins to the Cerda Plan
- Sanitation and Health in Ancient civilizations
- Influence of the Roman and Muslim Cultures on the Evolution of Wastewater and Stormwater Systems in the south Mediterranean
- and Revisiting technical and social aspects of wastewater management in Ancient Korea. Sanitation and wastewater management in modern times, e.g. The Prague Sewerage System: A short history and the importance of role of William Heerlein Lindley
- Evolution of Soil Treatment Practice for the Management of Wastewaters
- The History of Hydroponic Systems for Waste Water Treatment and Reuse
- "Progress through revolutions": the historical development of sanitation from latrine to centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment plants
- The Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Management Throughout the Centuries: A short overview and comparisons
