Image Analysis in Earth Sciences

About this book

This book includes examples of typical earth sciences imagery from a wide range of sources including digital photography, light and electron microscopy and focusses on image analysis, extraction of objects (segmentation), analysis of shape and size distributions, fabric analysis (paricle and surface fabrics), texture analysis and orientation imaging (optical and EBSD).

Contents

1 - Images Image acquisition - Data check - Pre-processing - Look-up Tables. 2 - Segmentation by point operations Bitmap - Structural filtering - Volume determination - Error of volume analysis (Basic stereology) 3 - Grain size distributions From distribution of spheres to circles - From 2-D to 3-D - Grain size mapping 4 - Fractal grain size distributions Magnification cascades - Grain size distribution mapping 5 - Analysis of particle cross sections Primary descriptors - Shape factors - Best fit ellipse - Analysis of ellipses 6 - Raster to vector Points on a grid - Digitization - Orientation artefacts - Reconstruction of outlines 7 - Particle fabrics Particle projections - Orientation distributions - Bulk fabric - Strain analysis 8 - Surface fabric Surface projections - Strain test / interpretation - Rose diagrams - Surface orientation distributions 9 - Shape of individual particles New shape descriptors: Convexity / Concavity - Angularity 10 - Spatial distribution Random - clustered - anticlustered - Volume and Surface model - Significance test 11 - Segmentation by neighbourhood operations Smoothing filters - Gradient filters - Exporting contours 12 - Frequency analysis Spatial frequencies - Fast Fourier Transforms - Frequency filtering 13 - Autocorrelation analysis 2-D Autocorrelation function - Shape and size -Local and bulk fabric 14 - Test images Generating outlines - Library of images - 2-D test images - 3-D Voronoi tesselations 15 - Orientation Imaging Optical orientation imaging - Orientation images - Converting EBSD input data - Pole figures 16 - Misorientation Images Misorientation images - Misorientation profiles - Orientation tracking 17 Orientation gradients Orientation gradient images - Defect structures - Histograms

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