Respiratory Biology of Animals Evolutionary and Functional Morphology

About this book

Oxygen uptake for metabolic energy demand and the elimination of the resulting carbon dioxide is one of the essential processes in all higher life forms; in the case of animals, everything from protozoans to insects and vertebrates including humans. Respiratory Biology of Animals provides a contemporary and truly integrative approach to the topic, adopting a strong evolutionary theme. It covers aerobic metabolism at all levels, from gas exchange organs such as skin, gills, and lungs to mitochondria – the site of cellular respiration. The book also describes the functional morphology and physiology of the circulatory system, which often contains gas-carrying pigments and is important for pH regulation in the organism. A final section describes the evolution of animal respiratory systems. Throughout Respiratory Biology of Animals, examples are selected from the entire breadth of the animal kingdom, identifying common themes that transcend taxonomy.

Contents

Preface

1: Prolegomena
2: A very brief history of respiratory biology
3: A Primer on respiratory physiology
4: Structure, function, and evolution of respiratory proteins
5: Coping with extremes
6: Respiratory faculties of aquatic invertebrates
7: Respiratory faculties of amphibious and terrestrial invertebrates
8: Control of breathing in invertebrates
9: The evolution of water-breathing respiratory faculties in invertebrates
10: The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in invertebrates
11: Respiratory faculties of aquatic craniotes
12: Respiratory faculties of amphibious and terrestrial craniotes
13: Control of breathing in craniotes
14: The evolution of water-breathing respiratory faculties in craniotes
15: The evolution of air-breathing respiratory faculties in craniotes
16: The Bottom Line

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Biography

Steven Perry completed his Ph.D. in Biology at Boston University, USA in 1975. He undertook postdoctoral research at the Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine from 1975-1976 under Johannes Piiper before moving to Bristol University, UK for a year to study the morphometry of fish gills under George M. Hughes. From 1977-1978 he worked at the Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen in Germany, on the morphometry of reptilian lungs under Hans-Rainer Duncker. During his career he has held the positions of Assistant and Adjunct Associate Professor of Zoology, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Universität Oldenburg, Germany; Lecurer in Zoology; Adjunct Associate Professor in Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Calgary, Canada and University Professor for Morphology and Systematics of Animals at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, whence he retired in 2009. In 2010 he was a CAPES visiting Professor at the Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.

Markus Lambertz studied biology at the University of Bonn with a major focus on zoology, and minor ones on paleontology and geology. In 2015 he obtained his doctorate under the supervision of Steve Perry with a dissertation on the functional and evolutionary morphology of the amniote respiratory apparatus. Subsequently he became associated postdoc in the herpetological group of the Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig in Bonn, and after a short-term stay as a visiting lecturer at the Federal University of Viçosa in Brazil he assumed his current position at the University of Bonn in 2016. His primary research interests encompass the entire breadth of morphology and systematics, particularly that of reptiles. These are supplemented by a keen interest in the history of science.

Anke Schmitz did her Diploma thesis and doctoral dissertation at the University of Erlangen, Germany, where she studied respiration in butterflies. During her postdoctoral studies at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn she achieved the rank of privatdozentin (PD), investigating the respiration of insects, spiders and harvestmen using morphological and physiological techniques. Development and application of new stereological approaches to the respiratory system, mainly the tracheal system of arthropods, were the mainstay of her work. In addition, she collaborated with other researchers on the respiratory system of fish, mammals and amphioxus. Presently she is working together with PD Dr. Helmut Schmitz, on the infra-red receptors of pyrophilous insects and instructing electron microscopy.