Satyrinae Part 4 (Guide to the Butterflies of the Palearctic Region) Tribe Satyrini, Subtribe Maniolina: Maniola, Pyronia, Aphantopus, Hyponephele

About this book

This volume covers an additional 51 species of Satyrinae belonging to the Subtribe of Maniolina. The included genera Maniola, Pyronia, Aphantopus and Hyponephele have a purely Palearctic distribution.

One of the main purposes of this book is to make clearer and to simplify the taxonomic arrangements. Especially Russian specialists are often splitters and a merge of some "oversplitted" Hyponephele-species was necessary. Under Hyponephele davendra about 6 former so-called good species are here lumped together. Nevertheless the davendra group contains clearly more than one species, as already found by Moore (1893) who stated the sympatry of his taxa latistigma and tenuistigma. Up to 4 species of the davendra group occur sympatric in Chitral (NW Pakistan). In other groups, when allopatric populations of so-called "good" species form one usual Palearctic distribution pattern, only a single species is here accepted. Therefore taxa recently described as a good species, like Hyponephele przhewalskyi, dzhungarica and smirnovi, are here ranked as subspecies or synonyms to H. lycaon.

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