This is a process and application guidebook that encompasses the latest state of the art of commercial membrane desalination technology. This unique book provides a thorough overview and understanding of the RO, NF, and hybrid system, all with a detailed discussion on how to apply, design and operate potable systems and how to evaluate project economics using innovative membrane technologies. A must-read for all project engineers, plant designers, planners, utility directors, and operation managers, involved in municipal and industrial membrane projects. Scientists and academics interested in membrane desalination will find in this guide an insight into latest trends in commercial membrane desalination technologies for potable water applications. A step by step approach to design, operation and cost evaluation of membrane systems is explained in simple practical terms, all backed up by sample process calculations and case studies. The following major subjects are covered: Principles of membrane separation, RO/NF system configurations and system design parameters, Application of RO and nanofiltration technology in wastewater reclamation plants, Cost estimation and planning process of membrane desalination projects, Concentrate disposal, Hybrid systems. The contributors to The Guidebook to Membrane Desalination Technology are well known professionals in the desalination field with extensive involvement in research and development of membrane products and desalination processes. The book contents reflect their R&D work and experience in design, procurement and operation of numerous membrane systems.
1. Introduction
2. Introduction to reverse osmosis: basic terms
3. Commercial RF/NF membrane technology
4. Membrane module configurations
5. RO system configuration
6. Calculation of system performance
7. Normalization of system performance
8. Feed water supply systems and pretreatment
9. Chemical stabilization of permeate
10. RO/NF system design parameters
11. RO/NF system design
12. System design verification through operation of a pilot unit
13. System commissioning
14. System operation
15. Membrane fouling and performance restoration
16. Nanofiltration technology and applications / Craig Bartels
17. Wastewater treatment and reclamation by RO and NF process / Craig Bartels
18. Budgeting of membrane desalination projects / Nikolay Voutchkov
19. RO concentrate management / Mike Mickley
20. Hybrid systems and technology / Leon Awerbuch