About this book
This book documents the declining quality and quantity of springs around the world and efforts to preserve, protect, and restore them. Anthropogenic causes, including climate change, have been degrading springs around the world. Changes in spring water quality and flow impact human health, cultural values, ecology, and livelihoods.
Threats to Springs in a Changing World: Science and Policies for Protection presents a range of international studies illustrating the causes of spring degradation and strategies being used to safeguard springs both now and for the future. Volume highlights include:
- Examples of threatened springs in diverse hydrogeologic settings
- Innovative methods and tools for understanding the hydrogeology of spring systems
- Current policy and governance approaches for alleviating damage to springs
- Different approaches to management of springs
- A call for practitioners, policymakers, scientists, and the public to work together
Contents
List of Contributors vii
Preface xi
1 Protecting Springs in a Changing World Through Sound Science and Policy / Matthew J. Currell and Brian G. Katz 1
Part I Threats to Springs and Their Values
2 Assessing Pollution and Depletion of Large Artesian Springs in Florida's Rapidly Developing Water-Rich Landscape / Robert L. Knight and Angeline Meeks 9
3 Regional Passive Saline Encroachment in Major Springs of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida (1991-2020) / Rick Copeland, Gary Maddox, and Andy Woeber 19
4 Karst Spring Processes and Storage Implications in High Elevation, Semiarid Southwestern United States / Keegan M. Donovan, Abraham E. Springer, Benjamin W. Tobin, and Roderic A. Parnell 35
5 Nitrogen Contamination and Acidification of Groundwater Due to Excessive Fertilizer Use for Tea Plantations / Hiroyuki Ii 51
6 Springs of the Southwestern Great Artesian Basin, Australia: Balancing Sustainable Use and Cultural and Environmental Values / Gavin M. Mudd and Matthew J. Currell 69
Part II Methods, Tools, and Techniques to Understand Spring Hydrogeology
7 Environmental Tracers to Study the Origin and Timescales of Spring Waters / Axel Suckow and Christoph Gerber 87
8 Assessment of Water Quality and Quantity of Springs at a Pilot-Scale: Applications in Semiarid Mediterranean Areas in Lebanon / Joanna Doummar, Marwan Fahs, Michel Aoun,Reda Elghawi, Jihad Othman, Mohamad Alali, and Assaad H. Kassem 111
9 Uncertainties in Understanding Groundwater Flow and Spring Functioning in Karst / Francesco Fiorillo, Mauro Pagnozzi, Rosangela Addesso, Simona Cafaro, Ilenia M. D'Angeli, Libera Esposito, Guido Leone, Isabella S. Liso, and Mario Parise 131
10 The Great Subterranean Spring of Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, and the Potential Impact of Subsurface Urban Heat Islands / Greg Brick 145
Part III Policy and Governance Approaches for the Protection of Springs
11 Community-Based Water Resource Management: Pathway to Rural Water Security in Timor-Leste? / Tanja Rosenqvist, George Goddard, Jack Nugent, Nick Brown, Eugenio Lemos, Elsa Ximenes, and Aleixo Santos 157
12 Setting Benthic Algal Abundance Targets to Protect Florida Spring Ecosystems / Robert A. Mattson 171
13 Protecting Springs in the Southwest Great Artesian Basin, Australia / Mark Keppel, Anne Jensen, Melissa Horgan, Aaron Smith, and Simone Stewart 181
14 Patterns in the Occurrence of Fecal Bacterial Indicators at Public Mineral Springs of Central Victoria, 1986-2013 / Andrew Shugg 199
15 Towards a Collective Effort to Preserve and Protect Springs / Brian G. Katz and Matthew J. Currell 209
Index 213
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