Treatise on Geochemistry, Volume 2: The Mantle and Core

About this book

Though largely inaccessible, the geochemistry of Earth's mantle and core can be examined through a wide variety of approaches. Volume 2 focuses first on "remote" sensing using evidence from cosmochemical, seismic, petrologic and geochemical approaches. Mantle composition is then examined in detail through descriptions of mantle samples brought to Earth's surface through tectonic, volcanic, and volatile-outgassing processes. The volume concludes with examination of processes that modify the composition of the mantle and core including an early magma ocean, partial melting, element partitioning between minerals and melts, and physical mixing caused by plate subduction, mantle convection and mass exchange between mantle and core.

Contents

Introduction and Overview 1. Cosmochemical Estimates of Mantle Composition 2. Seismology Constraints upon Mantle Composition 3. Sampling Mantle Heterogeneity through Oceanic Basalts: Isotopes and Trace Elements 4. Orogenic, Ophiolitic, and Abyssal Peridotites 5. Mantle Samples Included in Volcanic Rocks: Xenoliths and Diamonds 6. Noble Gases as Mantle Tracers 7. Mantle Volatiles - Distribution and Consequences 8. Melt Extraction and Compositional Variability in Mantle Lithosphere 9. Trace Element Partitioning under Crystal and Uppermost Mantle Conditions: The Influences of Ionic Radius, Cation Charge, Pressure and Temperature 10. Partition Coefficients at High Pressure and Temperature 11. Subduction Zone Processes and Implications for Changing Composition of the Upper and Lower Mantle 12. Convective Mixing in the Earth's Mantle 13. Compositional Evolution of the Mantle 14. Experimental Constraints on Core Composition 15. Compositional Models for the Earth's Core

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