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Four unique pan-European CORINE Land Cover datasets – CLC1990, CLC2000, CLC2006, and CLC2012 – and three datasets concerning changes between 1990 and 2012 have presented the first-ever opportunity to observe the European landscape by means of land cover and its change. European Landscape Dynamics brings together all these datasets to demonstrate the methods of identification, analysis and assessment of the European land cover and its changes that took place during the intervals of 1990–2000, 2000–2006, and 2006–2012. It provides examples in which CLC data plays a role in offering solutions to European environmental problems such as the monitoring of urban dynamics, land fragmentation, ecosystems mapping and assessment, and high nature value farmland characteristics.
Existing environmental problems require new approaches, and European Landscape Dynamics: CORINE Land Cover Data indicates a set of outlooks for CLC data generation that produce more detailed levels of analysis and bottom-up approaches while addressing the relationship of CLC data to the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE). It also discusses the future of CLC data generation. A valuable resource of up-to-date information, it is useful to professionals such as scientists, territorial planners, and environmentalists as well as students of geosciences and all those who are interested in cognition of the European landscape, its changes and development.
INTRODUCTION
Overview of Land Cover and Land Use Monitoring Programs
Herbert Haubold and Jan Feranec
Project CORINE Land Cover
Jan Feranec
METHODOLOGY
CORINE Land Cover Nomenclature
Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Barbara Kosztra, and Stephan Arnold
Satellite Data Used
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, and Gerard Hazeu
Interpretation of Satellite Images
Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, and Tomas Soukup
Accuracy Assessment of CLC Data
György Büttner, Barbara Kosztra, and Gergely Maucha
CORINE Land Cover Products
György Büttner
Product Dissemination Policy
György Büttner
High-Resolution Layers
György Büttner, Gergely Maucha, and Barbara Kosztra
EUROPEAN CLC DATA LAYERS
CORINE Land Cover 1990 (CLC1990): Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000): Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CORINE Land Cover 2006 (CLC 2006): Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CORINE Land Cover 2012 (CLC2012): Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, György Büttner, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CORINE Land Cover 1990–2000 Changes: Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CORINE Land Cover 2000–2006 Changes: Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CORINE Land Cover 2006–2012 Changes: Analysis and Assessment
Tomas Soukup, György Büttner, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, and Erika Orlitova
CASE STUDIES: SOLUTION OF THE EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS USING THE CORINE LAND COVER DATA
Land Cover of Europe
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, Erika Orlitova, and Katerina Jupova
Trend of Land Cover Changes in Europe in 1990–2012
Tomas Soukup, Jan Feranec, Gerard Hazeu, Gabriel Jaffrain, Marketa Jindrova, Miroslav Kopecky, Erika Orlitova, and Katerina Jupova
Monitoring of Urban Fabric Classes and Their Validation in Selected European Cities (Urban Atlas)
Gabriel Jaffrain, Christophe Sannier, and Jan Feranec
Landscape Fragmentation in Europe
Jochen A. G. Jaeger, Tomas Soukup, Christian Schwick, Luis F. Madriñán, and Felix Kienast
Ecosystem Mapping and Assessment
Markus Erhard, Branislav Olah, Gebhard Banko, Stefan Kleeschulte, and Dania Abdul-Malak
High Nature Value Farmland and the Common Agricultural Policy
Ivone Pereira Martins, Katarzyna Biala, and Ana Maria Ribeiro de Sousa
CLC for National Accounting: Land and Ecosystem Natural Capital Accounts
Jean-Louis Weber and Gabriel Jaffrain
Land Use and Scenario Modeling for Integrated Sustainability Assessment
Carlo Lavalle, Filipe Batista e Silva, Claudia Baranzelli, Chris Jacobs-Crisioni, Ine Vandecasteele, Ana Luisa Barbosa, Joachim Maes, Grazia Zulian, Carolina Perpiña Castillo, Ricardo Barranco, and Sara Vallecillo
CORINE Land Cover Outside of Europe
Gabriel Jaffrain
CLC PERSPECTIVE
Detailed CLC Data: Member States with CLC Level 4/Level 5 and (Semi-) automated Solutions
Gerard Hazeu, György Büttner, Antonio Arozarena, Nuria Valcárcel, Jan Feranec, and Geoff Smith
CLC in the Context of INSPIRE
Geir-Harald Strand and Stephan Arnold
Future of Land Monitoring in Europe
Stefan Kleeschulte, Tomas Soukup, Gerard Hazeu, Geoff Smith, Stephan Arnold, and Barbara Kosztra
Conclusions
Jan Feranec, Tomas Soukup, Gerard Hazeu, and Gabriel Jaffrain
Dr. Jan Feranec graduated in a physical and regional geography. He is a scientific worker at the Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic, where he held the post of director from July 2002 to June 2006 and currently serves as the supervisor of PhD studies in physical geography, geoecology and geoinformatics. Dr. Feranec was appointed Associate Professor at the Comenius University in Bratislava in 1996. He is also the vice-chair of the current Commission on Sensor-Driven Mapping International Cartographic Association. His research interests include land cover/use and its change mapping by satellite images, urban areas analysis by VHR images and methodology of remote sensing data interpretation and landscape assessment as well as identification and analysis of abandonment of arable lands and grasslands. He has been involved in international projects such as the Czechoslovakia-Canada Cooperation in Remote Sensing, Ecotons of the Rivers Danube and Morava, MERA, Phare Topic Link on Land Cover, BIOPRESS, Urban Atlas (2009-2011 and 2013-2016). From 2001-2009 he was a member of the central CORINE Land Cover Projects (CLC1990 and CLC2000) Technical Team.
Tomas Soukup is project manager and a senior consultant in remote sensing, GIS and land monitoring for GISAT s.r.o. company, located in Prague, Czech Republic. Graduated in geodesy, cartography, GIS and remote sensing, he has worked extensively over the last 20 years on utilization of the Earth observation (EO) data for various practical applications in the land monitoring context including urban studies, regional planning, environmental assessment or emergency response and security support. Since the CORINE Land Cover 1990 mapping campaign in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, he collaborates with the European Environmental Agency (EEA) in the framework of European Topic Centers (PTL/LC, ETC/TE, ETC/LUSI, ETC/SIA. ETC/ULS) and also as member of the central CLC Technical Team. In the last decade, he has been active in numerous application projects for developing, testing and providing European GMES/Copernicus service capacities in land monitoring. He works with the National Reference Centre Land Cover in EIONET, a partnership network of the European Environment Agency, and he is also a member of the EEA EIONET Action Group on Land Monitoring in Europe supporting implementation of Copernicus services.
Drs. Gerard Hazeu is a physical geographer working at Alterra-Wageningen University and Research Centre, where he is a GIS & remote sensing researcher/project leader with specific interest in land cover/use change, agriculture and biodiversity issues. Since 2001, he has been involved in several European land monitoring projects. He is responsible for the CORINE Land Cover updates in the Netherlands (2000, 2006 and 2012). He has worked closely with the EEA in the European Topic Centres. He is also responsible for the Dutch national land cover database, which gives an actual representation of the national land cover every four years. He represents the Netherlands as the National Reference Centre Land Cover in EIONET. Currently, he is involved in several EIONET Action Group on Land Monitoring in Europe contracts (EAGLE), drafting the framework for future land cover monitoring in Europe. He also supports the implementation of the Copernicus land continental and local component by providing service specifications and ensuring continuity of the existing GIO land services.
Gabriel Jaffrain graduated in geography, environment, spatial planning by remote sensing and biology of organisms and ecology from the University of Rennes. He has been working as a project manager and a land cover/land use expert at IGN France International for more than 20 years and is now the referent for the environmental issues and land cover mapping topics. He is involved in numerous land occupation and environment projects in France and around the world. He has been involved with the CORINE Land Cover projects since 1994, and since 2001 has been a member of the technical team of the European Topic Centre ETC/TE, ETC/LUSI, ETC/SIA within the European Environmental Agency. Today he is involved in the production of land cover accounting in the context of SEEA Part2 on ecosystem capital accounting. He is responsible for quality insurance/quality control on mapping tropical forests and forest change through the REDD+ international program in the Congo basin and is also involved with Europe's Urban Atlas and Copernicus project as a supervisor.
"A timely publication, this resource analyzes and presents patterns of land cover and land cover change across Europe, making the most of four steps in CORINE mapping since 1990. Providing comparable datasets, CORINE enables assessments of differences in land cover change across the continent and in so doing informs policy development, as illustrated in some of the case studies provided. Future versions of this publication will be worth waiting for."
– Gearóid Ó Riain, Compass Informatics Ltd. London, UK
"The innovative methods developed and used in this project not only helped improve our scientific understanding of land cover dynamics of Europe but also proved to be an excellent resource for land change scientists and practitioners all over the world."
– Chandra Giri, United States Geological Survey; Duke University; author of Remote Sensing of Land Use and Land Cover: Principles and Applications
"Here, a reader can find in one publication the CLC methodical approaches, concepts of using satellite data, and related modern tools for data processing, including geoinformation systems. Thanks to this team of experienced authors and editors, this work provides a detailed comprehensive methodology of building databases as well as analyses and assessments of CLC outputs."
– Jan Kolar, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
" [...] it is not easy to grasp the state and change of land use/cover accurately, and the difficulty increases as one tries to study larger areas covering multiple countries or cultural regions, or to look at the change in a longer time range. It has been an exciting but difficult challenge to pursue in such complex region as Europe, but CORINE has done it beautifully with professional scrutiny. This book shows its achievement convincingly, with many informative original maps, diagrams and tables. It is hoped that this book is read widely, and gives clues to those who wish to develop similar land use/cover change data base in their countries or regions."
– Yukio Himiyama, Emeritus Professor, Hokkaido University of Education, Japan
