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In the 1700s, Jean-Jacques Rousseau celebrated the Alps as the quintessence of the triumph of nature over the "horrors" of civilization. Now available in English, History of the Alps, 1500-1900: Environment, Development, and Society provides a precise history of one of the greatest mountain range systems in the world. Jon Mathieu's work disproves a number of commonly held notions about the Alps, positioning them as neither an inversion of lowland society nor a world apart with respect to Europe. Mathieu's broad historical portrait addresses both the economic and sociopolitical – exploring the relationship between population levels, development, and the Alpine environment, as well as the complex links between agrarian structure, society, and the development of modern civilization. More detailed analysis examines the relationship between various agrarian structures and shifting political configurations, several aspects of family history between the late Middle Ages and the turn of the twentieth century, and exploration of the Savoy, Grisons, and Carinthia regions.
Preface
The Alps: A Historical Space?
Key questions and the state of the research
The political construction of territory
Population
Data and collection methods
Comparing long-term trends
Agriculture and Alpiculture
The intensity differential in the Alps
Cropping frequency and yields
The intensification of animal husbandry
. . . and of plant cultivation
Technology
Cities
Statistics in the early modern era
Acceleration of growth
The slowing of urban growth
The nineteenth century
Environment and Development
An intermediate assessment: differentiated growth
Relations between the Alps and surrounding areas
History and ecological models
Illustrations After p. 134
Two Agrarian Structures (Nineteenth Century)
Farming establishments
Public order and property
Inheritance law, collective resources
Territories during the Early Modern Period
Savoy: the duke, the notables
The Grisons: communes with subjects
Carinthia: Lord, peasant, servant
State Formation and Society
The European dimension
Politics as a factor of differentiation
Rural societies
History of the Alps from 1500 to 1900
A summary
Arguments and outlook
Appendices
Bibliography
Index
Jon Mathieu is Professor of History at the University of Lucerne, founding director of the Institute of Alpine History at the University of Lugano (Università della Svizzera Italiana).
Matthew Vester is Associate professor in the Department of History at West Virginia University.
" [...] Mathieu has done Alpine studies an immense service, collecting an expansive body of research long divided along national, linguistic, and disciplinary lines. As Mathieu accurately states, 'Quantitative history is sorely missing from Alpine research,' and this slim volume provides a very valuable resource for scholars who wish to redress this lacuna."
– Lee W. Holt, H-Net Reviews
"Mathieu's book demolishes widespread cliches about the Alps, which seek to portray the Alpine region as the complete reversal of society in lowland areas, or as a world segregated from the rest of Europe."
– Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Alpes
