United States
£ GBP
Twenty-five thousand years ago, sea level fell more than 400 feet below its present position as a consequence of the growth of immense ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. A dry plain stretching 1,000 miles from the Arctic Ocean to the Aleutians became exposed between northeast Asia and Alaska, and across that plain, most likely, walked the first people of the New World. Human Ecology of Beringia describes what is known about these people and the now partly submerged land, named Beringia, which they settled during the final millennia of the Ice Age.
Humans first occupied Beringia during a twilight period when rising sea levels had not yet caught up with warming climates. Although the land bridge between northeast Asia and Alaska was still present, warmer and wetter climates were rapidly transforming the Beringian steppe into shrub tundra. Human Ecology of Beringia synthesizes current research-some previously unpublished-on the archaeological sites and rapidly changing climates and biota of the period, suggesting that the absence of woody shrubs to help fire bone fuel may have been the barrier to earlier settlement, and that from the outset the Beringians developed a postglacial economy similar to that of later northern interior peoples.
Human Ecology of Beringia opens with a review of current research and the major problems and debates regarding the environment and archaeology of Beringia. It then describes Beringian environments and the controversies surrounding their interpretation; traces the evolving adaptations of early humans to the cold environments of northern Eurasia, which set the stage for the settlement of Beringia; and provides a detailed account of the archaeological record in three chapters, each of which is focused on a specific slice of time between 15,000 and 11,500 years ago. In conclusion, the authors present an interpretive summary of the human ecology of Beringia and discuss its relationship to the wider problem of the peopling of the New World.
Preface: Lost Continent
1. An Introduction to Beringia
2. Beringian Landscapes
3. Settlement of Northern Asia
4. The Beginning of the Lateglacial
5. The End of the Lateglacial Interstadial
6. The Younger Dryas and the End of Beringia
7. Beringia and the New World
Notes
Bibliography
Index
John F. Hoffecker is a fellow of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He has conducted field research in Alaska and Eastern Europe and is the author of Desolate Landscapes: Ice-Age Settlement in Eastern Europe (2002); A Prehistory of the North (2005); (with Scott A. Elias) Human Ecology of Beringia (Columbia, 2007); and Landscape of the Mind: Human Evolution and the Archaeology of Thought (Columbia, 2011).
"This excellent summary and evaluation [...] should serve as the baseline of interpretation for many years to come [...] Highly recommended."
– Choice
"A concise and readable account of the environmental setting and peopling of the far northern reached of the two continents"
– Becky M. Saleeby, Ecology
"Thorough and thought-provoking [...] a must-have reference."
– Kelly E. Graf, Journal of Anthropological Research
"An original and unparalleled summary of the pre-Holocene archeology and environment of this unique and pivotal region."
– Ben Fitzhugh, Human Ecology
"Useful to students and professionals alike."
– Raymond Le Blanc, Artic
"Hoffecker and Elias' well-written volume is a thorough discussion of the landscape, climate, vegetation, and fauna of what was once Beringia as well as a more than adequate discussion of sites, artefact complexes and their places in Northeast Asia and Alaska. It provides good coverage for both the interested layman and the professional investigator."
– Robert E. Ackerman, Antiquity
