Environmental Ion Exchange Principles and Design

About this book

Environmental Ion Exchange: Principles and Design contains the most important ion exchange-related design and application issues. Using tables, graphs, and conversion tables, this book teaches you the basics, giving you the knowledge to use ion exchange to reuse, recover, and recycle. This hands-on guide explains how to apply ion exchange to reuse wastewaters, recover valuable chemicals, and recycle industrial waters. For anyone who is designing unconventional ion exchange systems, or who needs a fundamental knowledge of ion exchange, this is the perfect working reference. Experts in environmental engineering, the authors hold nine patents related to ion exchange.In this book they share their expertise, taking you through the entire design process. Each chapter stands on its own, allowing rapid access to each topic of interest. Examples are abundant throughout, and most chapters provide reference sections for further reference and research. With "Environmental Ion Exchange: Principles and Design", you will learn innovative, cost-effective solutions to water and wastewater problems.

Contents

Introduction and Historical Perspective Chapter 1. Basic Concepts from General Chemistry and Fundamental Hydraulics Basic Chemistry Review Terminology Nomenclature Grades of Chemicals Dilutions Lab Analysis pH Acidity Alkalinity Basic Hydraulics Review Terminology Turbine Equations References Suggested Reading Chapter 2. Cold Process Lime-Soda Softening Hardness Softening Basic Principles Bar Charts Example Problem and Solution Process Equations Example Problem and Solution References Chapter 3. Fundamental Principles and Concepts of Ion Exchange Introduction Basics Batch/Columnar Operation Basic Columnar Operation Natural Ion Exchangers Synthetic Ion Exchangers Synthetic Cation Exchangers Synthetic Anion Exchangers Selectivity Order of Selectivity Selectivity Determination Resin Structure Capacity Particle Size Process Description Backwash Regeneration Rinse Service Example Problems and Solutions References Chapter 4. Laboratory-Scale Testing of Ion Exchange Introduction Columns Reservoirs Column Operations Flow Rates Resin Conditioning Cautions Charging Backwashing Regeneration References Chapter 5. Ion Exchange Applications and Design The Basic Flow Sheets Demineralization Flow Scheme Configurations Silica Removal Degasification Heavy Raw Water Composition Plant Size Cost of Regenerants Effluent Water Composition Flow Schemes Alkalinity Reduction Flow Schemes Design Example Problem and Solution Industrial Flow Schemes Nickel Removal Chromium Removal Ion Exchange as a Chemical Feeder References Appendix: Tables and Conversion Factors Index

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