Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity

About this book

Mountains are topographically complex formations that play a fundamental role in regional and continental-scale climates. They are also cradles to all major river systems and home to unique, and often highly biodiverse and threatened, ecosystems. But how do all these processes tie together to form the patterns of diversity we see today?

Written by leading researchers in the fields of geology, biology, climate, and geography, Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity explores the relationship between mountain building and climate change, and how these processes shape biodiversity through time and space.
- In the first two sections, you will learn about the processes, theory, and methods connecting mountain building and biodiversity
- In the third section, you will read compelling examples from around the world exploring the links between mountains, climate and biodiversity
- Throughout the 31 peer-reviewed chapters, a non-technical style and synthetic illustrations make Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity accessible to a wide audience
- A comprehensive glossary summarises the main concepts and terminology

Contents

List of Contributors xi
Acknowledgments xvii
Foreword by Peter Raven xix
Biography of Editors xxiii
Glossary xxv
About the Companion Website xxxv

1 Mountains, Climate and Biodiversity: An Introduction 1
      Carina Hoorn, Allison Perrigo and Alexandre Antonelli

Part I Mountains, Relief and Climate 15
2 Simple Concepts Underlying the Structure, Support and Growth of Mountain Ranges, High Plateaus and Other High Terrain 17
      Peter Molnar
3 An Overview of Dynamic Topography: The Influence of Mantle Circulation on Surface Topography and Landscape 37
      Caroline M. Eakin and Carolina Lithgow-Bertelloni
4 Mountain Relief, Climate and Surface Processes 51
      Peter van der Beek
5 Dating Mountain Building: Exhumation and Surface Uplift 69
      Matthias Bernet, Verónica Torres Acosta and Mauricio A. Bermúdez
6 Stable Isotope Paleoaltimetry: Paleotopography as a Key Element in the Evolution of Landscapes and Life 81
      Andreas Mulch and C. Page Chamberlain
7 Phytopaleoaltimetry: Using Plant Fossils to Measure Past Land Surface Elevation 95
      Robert A. Spicer
8 Cenozoic Mountain Building and Climate Evolution 111
      Phoebe G. Aron and Christopher J. Poulsen
9 Paleoclimate 123
      Hemmo A. Abels and Martin Ziegler

Part II When Biology Meets Mountain Building 135
10 Mountain Geodiversity: Characteristics, Values and Climate Change 137
      John E. Gordon
11 Geodiversity Mapping in Alpine Areas 155
      Arie C. Seijmonsbergen, Matheus G.G. De Jong, Babs Hagendoorn, Johannes G.B. Oostermeijer and Kenneth F. Rijsdijk
12 Historical Connectivity and Mountain Biodiversity 171
      Suzette G.A. Flantua and Henry Hooghiemstra
13 The Environmental Heterogeneity of Mountains at a Fine Scale in a Changing World 187
      Andrés J. Cortés and Julia A. Wheeler
14 Mountains, Climate and Mammals 201
      Catherine Badgley, Tara M. Smiley and Rachel Cable
15 Inferring Macroevolutionary Dynamics in Mountain Systems from Fossils 217
      Daniele Silvestro and Jan Schnitzler
16 The Interplay between Geological History and Ecology in Mountains 231
      Catherine H. Graham, Mauricio Parra, Andrés Mora and Camilo Higuera
17 Mountains and the Diversity of Birds 245
      Jon Fjeldså
18 Teasing Apart Mountain Uplift, Climate Change and Biotic Drivers of Species Diversification 257
      Fabien L. Condamine, Alexandre Antonelli, Laura P. Lagomarsino, Carina Hoorn and Lee Hsiang Liow
19 Upland and Lowland Fishes: A Test of the River Capture Hypothesis 273
      James S. Albert, Jack M. Craig, Victor A. Tagliacollo and Paulo Petry
20 Different Ways of Defining Diversity, and How to Apply Them in Montane Systems 295
      Hanna Tuomisto
21 A Modeling Framework to Estimate and Project Species Distributions in Space and Time 309
      Niels Raes and Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez

Part III Mountains and Biota of the World 321
22 Evolution of the Isthmus of Panama: Biological, Paleoceanographic and Paleoclimatological Implications 323
      Carlos Jaramillo
23 The Tepuis of the Guiana Highlands 339
      Otto Huber, Ghillean T. Prance, Salomon B. Kroonenberg and Alexandre Antonelli
24 Ice-Bound Antarctica: Biotic Consequences of the Shift from a Temperate to a Polar Climate 355
      Peter Convey, Vanessa C. Bowman, Steven L. Chown, Jane E. Francis, Ceridwen Fraser, John L. Smellie, Bryan Storey and Aleks Terauds
25 The Biogeography, Origin and Characteristics of the Vascular Plant Flora and Vegetation of the New Zealand Mountains 375
      Matt S. McGlone, Peter Heenan, Timothy Millar and Ellen Cieraad
26 The East African Rift System: Tectonics, Climate and Biodiversity 391
      Uwe Ring, Christian Albrecht and Friedemann Schrenk
27 The Alps: A Geological, Climatic and Human Perspective on Vegetation History and Modern Plant Diversity 413
      Séverine Fauquette, Jean-Pierre Suc, Frédéric Médail, Serge D. Muller, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Adele Bertini, Edoardo Martinetto, Speranta-Maria Popescu, Zhuo Zheng and Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu
28 Cenozoic Evolution of Geobiodiversity in the Tibeto-Himalayan Region 429
      Volker Mosbrugger, Adrien Favre, Alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl, Martin Päckert and Andreas Mulch
29 Neogene Paleoenvironmental Changes and their Role in Plant Diversity in Yunnan, South-Western China 449
      Zhe-Kun Zhou, Tao Su and Yong-Jiang Huang
30 Influence of Mountain Formation on Floral Diversification in Japan, Based on Macrofossil Evidence 459
      Arata Momohara
31 The Complex History of Mountain Building and the Establishment of Mountain Biota in Southeast Asia and Eastern Indonesia 475
      Robert J. Morley

Index 495

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