In December 2010, scientists discovered a fragment of a finger bone in an isolated cave in Siberia. To their surprise, the bone contained neither Homo sapiens nor Neanderthal DNA. The DNA came from a third species of hominids – the Denisovans – who shared a common ancestor with both Neanderthals and Homo sapiens.
This discovery reshaped everything we thought we knew about the "out of Africa" theory. Scientists initially believed that Homo erectus inhabited much of Asia, but looking at Denisovan fossils and the genealogy of native populations in the Philippines reveals that the Denisovans made up a vast population, occupying much of East Asia and Oceania.
But who were the Denisovans? How did they live? What did they look like? Palaeoanthropologist Silvana Condemi and science journalist François Savatier tell the Denisovans' story The Secret World of Denisovans. Leading us through the excavation of the Denisova cave, the sequencing of the Denisovan genome, and recent research on Denisovan fossils, Condemi and Savatier uncover how the Denisovans migrated to Asia, who they interacted with along the way, and why traces of Denisovan DNA can be found in modern-day humans. By studying the story of the Denisovans, we can better understand how humans evolved and populated the globe – and how we are more closely related to our ancient ancestors than we might think.
Originally published in French in 2024 as L'Enigme Denisova by Albin Michel.
Prologue
Part 1: The Third Men
The Enigma
In the Denisova Cave
Denisova, a Human Species?
Denisova Through Its Genes
An Immense Empire in the East
Part 2: Origins
Before Denisova: The Strange Homo erectus
The Earth System, Home to Denisova?
Denisova, Sons of Crossbreeding
The Ancestor of Denisova and Neanderthal
Heading East
The Bamboo Empire
Part 3: In the Denisova Skin
Portrait of Denisova
In Search of Lost Denisovan Fossils
Denisova's Body and Face Are Back!
Living Denisova
Bibliography
Credits
List of Infographics
Acknowledgments
Silvana Condemi, a world-leading palaeoanthropologist, is the research director of CNRS, the largest French public scientific research organization, at Aix-Marseille University.
François Savatier is a journalist for the magazine Pour la Science (the French edition of Scientific American), where he focuses on the science of the past. They are the authors of A Pocket History of Human Evolution (The Experiment, 2019).
"The Denisovans are among the most enigmatic early human fossils ever discovered. The Secret World of Denisovans is beautifully written and captures the complexities of scientific exploration, debate, and progress in an engaging and accessible way, without compromising scientific rigor and accuracy. The book gradually unveils the morphology and behavior of this population in a suspenseful, detective-like format. It is an entertaining read for professionals and the public alike."
– Miriam Belmaker, paleoanthropologist, The University of Tulsa
"Defined by their DNA rather than by their physical appearance, the Denisovans present us with the ultimate mystery of human evolution. In their entertaining new book Silvana Condemi and François Savatier painstakingly assemble everything we currently know about these shadowy extinct relatives and boldly paint a picture of them as they may have been in life."
– Ian Tattersall, author of Understanding Human Evolution