This region of South America has been identified by BirdLife as an Endemic Bird Area. It has one of the largest complements of restricted-range species in the world, but has suffered catastrophic habitat loss in the second half of the 20th century, and has become the focus of much recent research. This important book uses the results of this work to present an overview of the habitats and avifauna of the region, assess their conservation status and make recommendations for future protection.