Crops and Environmental Change

About this book

An introduction to effects of global warming, increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide and ozone concentrations and soil salinization on crop physiology and yield.

Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments Abbreviations Chapter 1. Introduction Human Population Growth Environmental Changes Crops and Food Supply Population, Crop Yield, and Crop Production Summary Chapter 2. Methods of Studying Effects of Environmental Change on Crops Correlations Between Observed Yield and Historical Patterns of Environmental Variation and Change Experimental Control of Environmental Conditions Methods for Salinity Studies Summary Chapter 3. Cellular Responses to the Environment Membrane Structure and Function Enzymes Cellular Mechanisms of Stress Resistance The Role of Calcium in Stress Responses Specificity, Cross-Talk, and Cross-Tolerance Summary Chapter 4. Water Relations The Future of Fresh Water Resources Effects of Climate Change on Global Hydrology Excess Precipitation Drought Water Uptake, Transport in Xylem, and Transpiration The Plant Surface Roots and Hydraulic Conductance The Crop Canopy Environmental Changes Summary Chapter 5. Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Biosynthesis Photosynthesis Effects of Environmental Conditions and Changes on Photosynthesis Respiration Effects of Environmental Conditions and Changes on Respiration Biosynthesis Summary Chapter 6. Partitioning of Photosynthate Source and Sink Harvest Index Methods for Studying Partitioning Carbon Partitioning Within Source Leaves Phloem Loading, Transport, and Unloading Regulation of Whole Plant Carbon Partitioning Environmental Changes Summary Chapter 7. Mineral Nutrition Nutrient Passage from Soil to Root and Beyond Regulation of Ion Uptake Kinetics of Nutrient Uptake Environmental Changes Summary Chapter 8. Vegetative Growth and Development Growth Patterns Meristems, Organs, and Development Shoots Roots Developmental Stages Environmental Changes Summary Chapter 9. Sexual Reproduction, Grain Yield, and Grain Quality Sexually Reproductive Development Yield Components and Variation Environmental Changes Interactive Effects of Environmental Changes on Yield Summary Chapter 10. The Biotic Environment Weeds Insect Pests and Diseases Symbiotic Relationships with Soil Organisms Multiple Environmental Changes and Implications for Biotic Interactions Summary Appendix A: List of Plant Species Appendix B: Definition of U.S. Principal Crops References Index

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