Shifting Baselines in the Chesapeake Bay An Environmental History

About this book

The concept of "shifting baselines" – changes in historical reference points used in environmental assessments – illuminates a foundational challenge when evaluating the health of ecosystems and seeking to restore degraded systems. In this important book, Victor S. Kennedy examines the problem of shifting baselines for one of the most productive aquatic resources in the world: the Chesapeake Bay.

Kennedy explains that since the 1800s, when the Bay area was celebrated for its aquatic bounty, harvest baselines have shifted downward precipitously. Over the centuries, fishers and hunters, supported by an extensive infrastructure of boats, gear, and processing facilities, overexploited the region's fish, crustaceans, terrapin, and waterfowl, squandering a profound resource. Beginning with the colonial period and continuing through the twentieth century, Kennedy gathers an unparalleled collection of scientific resources and eyewitness reports by colonists, fishers, managers, scientists, and newspaper reporters to create a comprehensive examination of the Chesapeake's environmental history.

Focusing on the relative productivity and health of its fisheries and wildlife and highlighting key species such as shad, oysters, and blue crab, Shifting Baselines in the Chesapeake Bay helps readers understand the remarkable extent of the Bay's natural resources in the past so that we can we begin to understand what has changed since, and why. Such knowledge can help illustrate the Bay's potential fertility and stimulate efforts to restore this pivotal maritime system's ecological health and productivity.

Contents

Units and Terms Used in the Text
Preface
Acknowledgments
A Note on Anecdotal and Quantitative Harvest Statistics

1. Shifting Baselines in Chesapeake Bay, the Immense Protein Factory
2. Why Was Chesapeake Bay So Productive and How Has That Productivity Changed?
3. The Spring Fishery for Shad and River Herring Was a Hectic Scramble
4. The World's Greatest Oyster Fishery Expanded, Then Crashed
5. Diamond-backed Terrapins Were Once Pig Food, Then a Gourmet Delight, and Now a Protected Species
6. Uncontrolled Market Hunting of Waterfowl Led to Mass Slaughter
7. Sturgeon, a Prehistoric High Jumper, Fell from Memory
8. Blue Crabs Hung on Tenaciously
9. Have Diminished Animal Abundances Remodeled the Bay's Food Webs?

Afterword
Appendix Fishing Gear and Methods
Additional Reading
Reading Notes
References
Index

Customer Reviews

Biography

Victor S. Kennedy is emeritus professor at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. He is a coeditor of Ecology and Conservation of the Diamond-Backed Terrapin; The Eastern Oyster: Crassostrea virginica; and The Blue Crab: Callinectes sapidus.