Comprehensive account of our current state of knowledge concerning the climate of the Arctic, using the latest meteorological data. All meteorological elements are described in detail for the first time. Includes an up-to-date review of the available literature for each element. Distinguishes and describes climatic regions. Provides an account of the present state of research on climate change and variability in the Arctic for 3 time scales: the Holocene, the last Millennium, and the 20th Century.