In this book, the authors discuss data obtained at different spatial and temporal scales for physical and chemical factors and biological communities of the Upper Parana River floodplain. Long-term studies are underway in this ecosystem and it is certain that the results will reveal other impacts which have not been perceived previously. It is hoped that future studies will help to find appropriate tools to be used in the management of this unique ecosystem and its biodiversity, allowing the preservation of surviving habitats and the recovery of those that are already damaged.