Language: English
This is one of several on-going taxonomic clarifications of species-rich genera of Costa Rican Depressariidae.
Depressariidae, with small leaf-tying caterpillars, formerly included in Elachistidae, is one of the most species-rich families of Gelechioidea. There are more than 1 500 described Neotropical species, and on-going intense inventory and DNA barcoding suggests there may be three or more times this number. The species-rich genus Ethmia (Ethmiinae), analyzed here just for Costa Rica, are small moths with worldwide distribution. ZooKeys 461: A Synopsis of the Genus Ethmia Hübner in Costa Rica is a product of the Costa Rican national-level Lepidoptera inventory since 1978 by the parataxonomists of the Costa Rican Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) and the Area de Conservacion (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. This massive light-trapping and rearing has doubled the known Costa Rican Ethmia fauna to 45 species; 22 new species are described here. We illustrate male and female genitalia, maps of Costa Rican localities, and the strikingly colored caterpillars of many of them. DNA barcoding, coupled with host plant records and morphology of nearly all species has greatly aided disentangling complexes of look-alike species. The many patronyms honor people who have given deeply of their time and resources for the founding and growth of INBio and ACG during the last three decades.
Introduction 4
Methods 4
List of Ethmia species found in Costa Rica 9
Results 10
Ethmia: Section I 10
Kirbyi species-group 10
Ethmia delliella (Fernald) 11
Ethmia bittenella (Busck) 12
Cypraella species-group 12
Ethmia festiva Busck 12
Ethmia blaineorum sp. n. 13
Ethmia scythropa Walsingham 14
Ethmia perpulchra Walsingham 15
Ethmia terpnota Walsingham 16
Ethmia millerorum sp. n. 16
Ethmia elutella Busck 17
Ethmia janzeni Powell 18
Ethmia ungulatella Busck 19
Exornata species-group 19
Exornata species complex 19
Ethmia exornata (Zeller) 20
Ethmia dianemillerae sp. n. 21
Ethmia adrianforsythi sp. n. 22
Ethmia phylacis Walsingham 23
Ethmia mnesicosma Meyrick 24
Notatella species-group 25
Ethmia chemsaki Powell 25
Ethmia stephenrumseyi sp. n. 26
Ethmia: Section II 27
Baliostola species-group 27
Ethmia baliostola Walsingham 27
Confusella species-group 28
Ethmia berndkerni sp. n. 29
Duckworthi species complex 30
Ethmia dimauraorum sp. n. 30
Ethmia duckworthi Powell 31
Ethmia billalleni sp. n. 32
Ethmia ehakernae sp. n. 33
Ethmia sandra Powell 34
Ethmia helenmillerae sp. n. 35
Ethmia johnpringlei sp. n. 36
Longimaculella species-group 37
Ethmia nigritaenia Powell 37
E. laphamorum sp. n. 38
Catapeltica species complex 39
Ethmia catapeltica Meyrick 39
Ethmia petersterlingi sp. n. 40
Ethmia lesliesaulae sp. n. 41
Ethmia turnerorum sp. n. 42
Ethmia normgershenzi sp. n. 43
Ethmia nicholsonorum sp. n. 44
Ethmia lichyi Powell 45
Ethmia hendersonorum sp. n. 46
Ethmia transversella Busck 47
Ethmia randyjonesi sp. n. 47
Ethmia randycurtisi sp. n. 48
Trifurcella species complex 49
Ethmia miriamschulmanae sp. n. 49
Ethmia similatella Busck 50
Ethmia tilneyorum sp. n. 51
Hammella species-group 52
Ethmia hammella Busck 52
Joviella species-group 53
Ethmia linda Busck 53
Figures 54
DNA barcode sequences and divergence 82
Acknowledgments 83
References 84
Supplementary material 1 86
Supplementary material 2 86
Supplementary material 3 86