Puducherry, a French colonial settlement in India until 1954, is a Union Territory with an area of 483 km2. Its four regions have a coastline of 45 km with 675 ha of inshore waters, 1.347 ha of inland water and 800 ha of brackish water. This book describes its biodiversity, covering 2,595 species in 41 chapters from Protozoa to Mammalia, including 2,370 species of faunal communities.