Reprint of a book originally published in 1968.
1 Introduction
2 Genesis of the Hymenoptera
Palaeontological and comparative morphological data. Hypotheses on the origin of the Hymenoptera
The archaic terrestrial phase
3 Genesis of the Lower Hymenoptera (Phytophaga)
The transition from saprophytic feeding to phytophagy. The exophytic cephoid phase. Modern relicts
The endophytic cephoid phase. The transition from feeding on normal plant tissues to feeding on galls
4 Genesis of the Terebrantia
The problem of the origin of the first carnivorous Hymenoptera
Hypotheses on the origin of the Terebrantia
The transition from phytophagy to zoophagy and the genesis of the Terebrantia
The archaic inquilinoid phase
The predatory oöphagous (ectoöphagous) phase
The parasitic oöphagous (endoöphagous) phase
The secondary phytophagous (phytoöphagous) phase
The delayed parasitic (metaparasitic) phase
The intermediate parasitic (planidial) phase
The hypermetamorphic parasitic phase
The polyembryonic parasitic phase
The passive parasitic (trigonaloid) phase
The direct parasitic (orthoparasitic) phase
The imaginai parasitic phase
5 Genesis of the Wasps (Vespiformia s. lat.)
The problem of the origin of the wasps
Elements of wasp life in the Terebrantia
The wasp-like (bethyloid) phase page
The primary wasp (pompiloid) phase
The secondary wasp (sphecoid) phase
The third wasp (crabronoid) phase
The fourth wasp (bembicoid) phase
The fifth wasp (moneduloid) phase
The neo-wasp (vespoid) phase
The hypotheses of Bouvier and his followers on the origin of the instincts of wasps
6 Genesis of the Ants (Formicoidea)
Hypotheses on the origin of the ants. The problem
The predatory semi-familial phase
The ectoparasitic semi-familial phase
The familial ectoparasitic (hemiformicoid) phase
The primary ant (proformicoid) phase
The secondary ant (formicoid) phase
7 Genesis of the Bees (Apoidea)
Hypotheses on the origin of the bees. The problem
The bee-like phase in the vespoid wasps
The primary bee phase of vespoid type
The secondary bee phase of vespoid type
Evolution of the sphecoid wasps and the problem of the genesis of the true bees
The primary bee phase of sphecoid type and its genesis
Index of Authors
Index of Latin Names