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In the popular imagination, no issue has been more closely linked with the environmental group Greenpeace than whaling. Opposition to commercial whaling has inspired many of the organisation's most dramatic and high-profile "direct actions" – as well as some of its most notable failures. Hairy Hippies and Bloody Butchers provides an inside look at one such instance: Greenpeace's decades-long campaign against the Norwegian whaling industry. Combining historical narrative with systems-theory analysis, author Juliane Riese shows how the organisation's self-presentation as a David pitted against whale-butchering Goliaths was turned on its head. She recounts how opponents successfully discredited the campaign while Greenpeace struggled with internal disagreements and other organisational challenges, providing valuable lessons for other protest movements.
List of Figures
Acknowledgements
Introduction: Observing Greenpeace through the Systems-theoretic Lens
Chapter 1. Antecedents: Greenpeace, Norway and Whales before the Greenpeace Whale Campaign in Norway
Chapter 2. ‘Greenpeace Should Be a People Persuader and Stand United Internationally’: Greenpeace in Sweden and Denmark
Chapter 3. ‘Campaigning Against Each Other’: Greenpeace Norway
Chapter 4. ‘Fuck Greenpeace, but Save the Whales’: Greenpeace Campaigning in Norway in 1998-99
Chapter 5. ‘From Direct Actions to Dialogue’: Greenpeace Campaigning in Norway from 2000 onwards
Conclusion: Fuck Greenpeace, but Save the World
Appendix: Some Additional Systems-theoretic Explanations
Bibliography
Index
Juliane Riese is Associate Professor of Business Economics at Ostfold University College in Halden, Norway.
"As a wealthy western democracy with strong green credentials in many areas, Norway would appear to offer a receptive environment for Greenpeace. However, the country's pro-whaling policy has created an antagonistic relationship with the global NGO, forcing it to develop a different set of tactics and strategies in Norway compared to similar countries such as Sweden and the Netherlands. Juliane Riese expertly analyzes this complicated relationship and Greenpeace's efforts to replicate its global anti-whaling campaign in a nation with a strong commitment to whaling. Her rich sociological insights derived from systems theory and Gregory Bateson's double-bind concept, combined with her first-hand experience with Greenpeace Norway, offer us a nuanced and compelling understanding of Greenpeace's efforts to succeed in an antagonistic cultural and political environment."
– Frank Zelko, University of Vermont
"Hairy Hippies and Bloody Butchers describes with deep insight the Greenpeace campaign against whaling in Norway. The author manages to give an intimate account of her subject while keeping the analytical perspective of a scholar. By applying Luhmann's systems theory, she brings a new approach to the study of activism. Her book is essential reading for those who want to understand how Greenpeace campaigns, and for those who want to improve their own campaigning skills."
– Gerd Leipold, former Executive Director, Greenpeace International
