Limestone in the Built Environment Present-day Challenges for the Preservation of the Past

About this book

Limestone is a highly successful and widely used building material, found in many important historic buildings and new monuments around the world. Whilst its success reflects its durability under a wide range of environmental conditions, there are still important questions surrounding the selection, use and conservation of building limestones. In order to make best use of new limestone today, and to conserve old limestone most effectively, we need to bring modern research methods to bear on understanding the characteristics of different limestones, what mortars to use, and how key limestones have responded to polluted atmospheres. Limestone in the Built Environment brings together recent inter-disciplinary research on these issues, illustrating the diversity of innovative techniques that are now being applied to furthering our understanding of building limestones.

Limestone in the Built Environment is based on a workshop on granular limestones, concieved under the combined auspices of the Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution NETwork (SWAPNET), the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Heritage Malta.

Contents

Preface
SMITH, B J, GOMEZ-HERAS, M & VILES, H A. Underlying issues on the selection, use and conservation of building limestone
CASSAR, J. The use of limestone in a historic context – the experience of Malta
CALVO, J P & REGUEIRO, M. Carbonate rocks in the Mediterranean region – from classical to innovative uses of building stone
SIEGESMUND, S, GRIMM, W-D, DÜRRAST, H &RUEDRICH, J. Limestones in Germany used as building stones: an overview
ESPINOSA-MARZAL, R M & SCHERER, G W. Mechanisms of damage by salt
MILLER, A Z, LEAL, N, LAIZ, L, ROGERIO-CANDELERA, M A, SILVA, R J C, DIONÍSIO, A, MACEDO, M F & SAIZ-JIMENEZ, C. Primary bioreceptivity of limestones used in southern European monuments
RUIZ-AGUDO, E & RODRIGUEZ-NAVARRO, C. Suppression of salt weathering of porous limestone by borax-induced promotion of sodium and magnesium sulphate crystallization
BECK, K & AL-MUKHTAR, M. Weathering effects in an urban environment: a case study of tuffeau, a French porous limestone
STEFANIDOU, M A. Approaches to the problem of limestone replacement in Greece
DOTTER, K R. Historic lime mortars: potential effects of local climate on the evolution of binder morphology and composition
IOANNOU, I, PETROU, M F, FOURNARI, R, ANDREOU, A, HADJIGEORGIOU, C, TSIKOURAS, B & HATZIPANAGIOTOU, K. Crushed limestone as an aggregate in concrete production: the Cyprus case
BECK, K, BRUNETAUD, X,MERTZ, J-D & AL-MUKHTAR, M. On the use of eggshell lime and tuffeau powder to formulate an appropriate mortar for restoration purposes
PAPAY, Z & TOROK, A. Physical changes of porous Hungarian limestones related to silicic acid ester consolidant treatments
FIGUEIREDO, C, FOLHA, R, MAURÍCIO, A, ALVES, C & AIRES-BARROS, L. Pore structure and durability of Portuguese limestones: a case study
VAZQUEZ-CALVO, C, VARAS, M J, ALVAREZ DE BUERGO, M & FORT, R. Limestone on the ‘Don Pedro I’ facade in the Real Alcázar compound, Seville, Spain
FIGUEIREDO, C, AIRES-BARROS, L & NETO, M J. The church of Santa Engrácia (the National Pantheon, Lisbon, Portugal): building campaigns, conservation works, stones and pathologies
BUJ, O, GISBERT, J, FRANCO, B, MATEOS, N & BAULUZ, B. Decay of the Campanile limestone used as building material in Tudela Cathedral (Navarra, Spain)
RESCIC, S, FRATINI, F & TIANO, P. On-site evaluation of the ‘mechanical’ properties of Maastricht limestone and their relationship with the physical characteristics
SEARLE, D E & MITCHELL, D J. The effect of combustion-derived particulates on the short-term modification of temperature and moisture loss from Portland Limestone
MOTTERSHEAD, D, FARRES, P & PEARSON, A. The changing Maltese soil environment: evidence from the ancient cart tracks at San Pawl Tat-Targa, Naxxar
THORNBUSH, M J. Measurements of soiling and colour change using outdoor rephotography and image processing in Adobe Photoshop along the southern facade of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
SASS, O & VILES, H A. Two-dimensional resistivity surveys of the moisture contents of historic limestone walls in Oxford, UK: implications for understanding catastrophic stone deterioration
Index

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