Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution

About this book

The immune systems of humans and non-human primates have diverged such that these animals show inter- and intra-species variation in susceptibility, symptoms, and survival of particular infectious diseases. Variation in primate immunity is such that some major human pathogens – such as immunodeficiency viruses, herpesviruses and malaria-inducing species of Plasmodium – elicit striking differences in immune response between closely related species and within populations. Complex evolutionary processes that include interactions among the host, its pathogens and symbiont/commensal organisms have shaped these differences in immunity. The success of some pathogens in establishing persistent infections in humans and other primates has been determined not just by the molecular evolution of the pathogen and its interactions with the host, but also by the evolution of primate behavior and ecology, microflora, immune factors and the evolution of other biological systems.

To explore how interactions between primates and their pathogens has shaped their mutual molecular evolution, Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution brings together research that explores comparative primate immune function, the emergence of major and neglected primate diseases, primate-microorganism molecular interactions, and related topics. Primates, Pathogens, and Evolution will be of interest to anyone curious as to why infectious diseases manifest differently in humans and their closest relatives. It will be of particular interest to scholars specializing in human and non-human primate evolution, epidemiology and immunology, and disease ecology. Primates, Pathogens and Evolution offers an overview and discussion of current findings on differences in the molecular mechanics of primate immune response, as well as on pathogen-mediated primate evolution and human and non-human primate health.
 

Contents

Section I Immunity and Primate Evolution
- Vertebrate Immune system evolution and comparative primate immunity Jessica F. Brinkworth and Mitchell Thorn
- Genetic variation in the immune system of Old World monkeys: functional and selective effects Dagan A. Loisel and Jenny Tung
- Toll-like receptor function and evolution in primates Jessica F. Brinkworth and Kirstin N. Sterner
- Impact of natural selection due to malarial disease on human genetic variation Felicia Gomez, Wen-Ya Ko, Avery Davis, and Sarah A. Tishkoff
- Parasitic lice help to fill in the gaps of early hominid history Julie M. Allen, Cedric O. Worman, Jessica E. Light, and David L. Reed

Section II Emergence and Divergent Disease Manifestation
- Treponema pallidum infection in Primates: Clinical Manifestations, Epidemiology, and Evolution of a Stealthy Pathogen Kristin Harper and Sascha Knauf
- Molecular mimicry by i -2 herpesviruses to modulate host cell signaling pathways Lai-Yee Wong, Zsolt toth, Kevin F. Brulois, Kyung-Soo Inn, Sun-Hwa Lee, Hye-Ra Lee, and Jae U. Jung
- Neotropical primates and their susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii: new insights for an old problem Jose Luiz Catao-Dias, Sabrina Epiphanio and Maria Cecilia Martins Kierulff
- The Evolution of SIV in primates and the emergence of the pathogen of AIDS Edward JD Greenwood, Fabian Schmidt, and Jonathan L. Heeney

Section III Primates, Pathogens and Health
- Microbial exposures and other early childhood influences on the subsequent function of the immune system Graham A.W. Rook
- Make new friends and keep the old? Parasite coinfection and comorbidity in Homo sapiens Melanie Martin, Aaron D. Blackwell, Michael Gurven and Hillard Kaplan
- Primates, pathogens and evolution: A context for understanding emerging disease Kristin N. Harper, Molly K. Zuckerman, Bethany L. Turner, George Armelagos

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