Norway is responsible for managing the last wild reindeer population in Europe. This is a considerable responsibility, which affects many different groups in the country - hunters and managers, mountain communities and wildlife enthusiasts. 100 years ago, overhunting threatened wild reindeer with extinction. Protection and an increasingly advanced regulatory system saved the population, which gradually recovered in numbers. The reduced sustainability of the reindeer's habitat is the main challenge faced today. What will the long-term consequences for reindeer be if these current trends are allowed to continue? Has Europe's last wild reindeer population a future? Bevanger and Jordhoy discuss these points.