The Sea, Volume 16: Marine Ecosystem-Based Management

About this book

With marine ecosystems endangered by a warming climate and exploding human population growth, a critical transformation is taking place in the way the world's ocean resources are managed. The Sea, Volume 16: Marine Ecosystem-Based Management presents a state-of-the-art synopsis of the conservation approaches that are currently being translated from theory to action on a global scale. With contributions from an international team of experts, The Sea, Volume 16: Marine Ecosystem-Based Management synthesizes the scientific literature of holistic practices in ecosystem-based management (EBM), focusing on protecting the marine ecologies that humans and countless other organisms vitally depend upon.

Human uses of ocean ecosystems have usually been divided into separate sectors – fisheries, transportation, tourism, and recreation, for example – and ecosystem boundaries defined as much by politics as geography. This approach is giving way to a broader strategy based on integrated management of human activities in scientifically identified regions of the marine environment. Spanning a range of issues from the tropics to the poles, the authors present analyses of open ocean systems and high-impact regions such as coastlines, coral reefs, and estuaries. Methods of modeling and evaluating marine EBM are explored, as well as the role of governmental and other regulatory frameworks in ocean management and the lessons to be learned from past ecological interventions.

It is now widely recognized that any viable strategy for sustaining the world's oceans must reflect the relationships among all ecosystem components, human and nonhuman species included. The Sea, Volume 16: Marine Ecosystem-Based Management is an in-depth report of new advances in the rapidly evolving discipline of coupled Human-Ecological Systems.

Contents

Preface [James J. McCarthy, Michael J. Fogarty, and Kenneth H. Brink]
    Contributors
    Editorial Advisory Panel and External Reviewers
    1. An Overview of Marine Ecosystem-Based Management [Michael J. Fogarty and James J. McCarthy]
        Introduction
        Ecosystem Services, Threats and Impacts
        The Architecture of Marine Ecosystem-Based Management
        The Architecture of This Volume
        References
    2. Lessons from Historical Ecology and Management [Heike K. Lotze, Richard C. Hoffmann, and Jon M. Erlandson]
        Introduction
        Marine Resource Use and Management through Time
        Common Patterns in Resource Depletion and Management
        What Has and Hasn’t Worked in the Past
        History of Managing Other Human Impacts
        Ecosystem Consequences
        Lessons Learned
        References
    3. Human Dimensions in Marine Ecosystem-Based Management [Anthony Charles]
        Introduction
        A Typology of Human Dimensions
        Perspectives on Human Dimensions in Marine EBM
        Inducing, Influencing, and Supporting Marine EBM
        Human Dimensions of Marine EBM Across Scales
        Knowledge Needs for Marine EBM
        Conclusions
        References
    4. Regulatory and Governance Frameworks [Kevern Cochrane, Gabriella Bianchi, Warrick Fletcher, David Fluharty, Robin Mahon, and Ole Arve Misund]
        Introduction
        The Global Legal Framework for EBM
        Institutional Implications of Scaling-up from Sectoral to EBM
        Progress in implementation
        EBM in Practice: Five Case Studies
        Discussion
        Conclusions
        References
    5. Modeling Approaches for Marine Ecosystem-Based Management [Elizabeth A. Fulton and Jason S. Link]
        Introduction
        Approaches to Facilitate Decision Support for Marine EBM
        The Value of Models
        Management Strategy Evaluation
        Modeling Approaches
        Discussion
        References
        Appendix
    6. Integrated Ecosystem Assessments and Ecosystem-Based Management A Socio-Ecological Perspective [Mark L. Plummer and Phillip S. Levin]
        Introduction
        IEAs in Principle
        Incorporating Human Dimensions into IEAs
        Conclusions
        References
    7. Marine Spatial Planning [Jake Rice, Sue Kidd, and Anthony D. M. Smith]
        Definition
        Key Characteristics of MSP
        How Does the Process Work?
        What Does the Product Look Like?
        What Is the Relevance of MSP to EBM?
        Challenges and Benefits
        References
        Appendix A
        Appendix B
    8. Marine Ecosystem Services: A Framework and Practical Set of Tools for Ecosystem-Based Management [Anne D. Guerry and Heather Tallis]
        Introduction
        Methodological Issues and Challenges
        Mainstreaming Ecosystem Services into Decisions
        Conclusions
        References
    9. An Ecosystem Accounting Framework for Marine Ecosystem-Based Management [Irit Altman, Roel Boumans, Joe Roman, Suchi Gopal, and Les Kaufman]
        Introduction
        Ecosystem Accounting
        Case Study: Massachusetts Bay
        Conclusions
        References
        Appendices
    10. Ecosystem-Based Management in High Latitude Ecosystems [Sarah Gaichas, Christian Reiss, and Mariano Koen-Alonso]
        Introduction
        High Latitude Marine Ecosystems—What Makes Them Distinctive?
        EBM in Four High Latitude Ecosystems
        Conclusions: EBM in High Latitude Seas
        References
    11. Marine Ecosystem-Based Management in Temperate Systems [Jameal F. Samhouri, Suam Kim, Chang Ik Zhang, and Michael J. Fogarty]
        Introduction
        Ecosystem Services, Threats, and Impacts
        EBM in Action: Similar Principles—Variable Implementation
        Science to Support Ecosystem-Based Management
        Discussion
        References
    12. Ecosystem-Based Management of Coral Reefs and Interconnected Nearshore Tropical Habitats [Jacob P. Kritzer, Christina C. Hicks, Bruce D. Mapstone, Fabian Pina-Amargós, and Peter F. Sale]
        Introduction
        Ecological Overview
        Ecosystem Services
        Threats and Impacts
        Context and Approaches for Ecosystem-Based Management of Coral Reefs
        Case Studies
        Summary and Conclusions
        References
    13. Open Ocean Systems [Jeffrey J. Polovina, Alistair J. Hobday, J. Anthony Koslow, and Vincent S. Saba]
        Introduction
        Geography, Oceanography, Ecosystem, and Management Jurisdictions
        Ecosystem Services
        Threats and Impacts
        Ecosystems Approaches to Management
        Seamount Ecosystems
        Future Directions for Ecosystem Approaches for Open Oceans
        References
    14. Ecosystem-Based Management in Highly-Impacted Coasts and Estuaries [Edward Houde, Andrew Kenny, and Shijie Zhou]
        Introduction
        Background
        Provisioning Services
        Threats and Challenges
        EBM in Action
        Key Findings and Conclusions
        References
    15. Marine Ecosystem-Based Management: Past, Present, and the Future [Michael J. Fogarty and James J. McCarthy]
        Introduction
        Ecosystem Services in Time and Space
        Future Threats to Ecosystem Service
        Coupled Social–Ecological Systems
        Managing Complexity
        Conclusions
        Acknowledgments
        References
    List of Acronyms
    Index
 

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Biography

Michael J. Fogarty is Head of the Ecosystem Assessment Center at the National Marine Fisheries Service. James J. McCarthy is Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Oceanography in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University.