United States
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From Benjamin Franklin's campaign to combat pollution at the Philadelphia's docks in the 1750s to the movement against climate change today, American environmentalists have sought to protect the natural world and promote a healthy human society. In This Green and Growing Land, historian Kevin Armitage shows how the story of American environmentalism-part philosophy, part social movement – is in no small way a story of America itself, of the way citizens have self-organized, have thought of their communities and their government, and have used their power to protect and enrich the land. Armitage skillfully analyzes the economic and social forces begetting environmental change and emphasizes the responses of a variety of ordinary Americans-as well as a few well-known leaders-to these complex issues. This concise and engaging survey of more than 250 years of activism tells the story of a magnificent American achievement-and the ongoing problems that environmentalism faces.
Chapter 1: The Horns in Dock Creek
Chapter 2: The Science and Nature of Empathy
Chapter 3: Progressive Publics and the Social Natural Order
Chapter 4: A Green New Deal
Chapter 5: A Wilderness Society
Chapter 6: Damming the Arid West
Chapter 7: The Atomic Body Politic
Chapter 8: Abundance in the Age of Ecology
Chapter 9: Science Denial in the Age of Global Disruption
Bibliography
Dr. Kevin Connor Armitage is a professor of history at the University of Miami - Ohio.
"Armitage, professor of history at the University of Miami-Ohio, traces the long history of environmental activism in the U.S. in this comprehensive and accessible volume, highlighting the ways in which the conservation movement has evolved from the 18th century to the 21st century. Armitage describes the contamination of Philadelphia's Dock Creek in the mid-18th century, when tanneries and slaughterhouses used the waterway 'as their dump'. Benjamin Franklin and others insisted that public health and the quality of the shared environment take precedence over private business interests, a position that helped lay a foundation for government regulation and smarter resource management. In the mid-19th century, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau celebrated the great outdoors as a precious resource that should not be commodified, and Armitage relates how such sentiment was further popularized in the early 20th century by John Muir and legitimized in 1916 with the creation of the National Park Service. Legislation in subsequent years helped to preserve more land, as did the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency in the 1970s. Armitage remains unfazed by climate-change skeptics and relishes the challenge they pose to the environmentally concerned; whether they pay attention to this valuable narrative is another matter."
– Publishers Weekly
"Armitage highlights the individuals and organizations whose efforts contributed to America's conservation of its natural assets. From grassroots action to government policies, he traces the changing relationship we've had with our land, air, and water since Ben Franklin fought industrial waste in Philadelphia, through our expansion to the Pacific coast, and into the modern era. Our use and abuse of resources reflect ideological shifts, and Armitage puts these into social and political context, from the Industrial Revolution through the recognition of nature's limits and the spurring of scientific research into the effects our species is having on the planet. The modern environmental movement, modeled on anti–Vietnam War protests, achieved major victories in the 1970s, resulting in huge reductions in industrial pollution. Although Armitage sidesteps much of today's charged political debate, he emphasizes the fact that the fight to defend the environment continues. The title, from a song by Phil Ochs, a folk singer associated with 1960s activism, reminds us of the grace and beauty of our land and our duty to protect it."
– Booklist
"Anyone interested in understanding the democratic promise, controversies and achievements of the environmental movement will benefit greatly from this brilliant book by Kevin Armitage, the Dean of a new generation of environmental historians. It is unsurpassed in both breadth and depth, taught me things I didn't know – such as Ben Franklin was an environmentalist, and is a fun read despite its serious topic."
– Paul R. Ehrlich, author of The Population Bomb and The Annihilation of Nature
"Most valuable when it puts the rest of the story – the role of unions, labor organizers, Hispanic and African American leaders, farming groups – into the more conventional narrative of purely "environmental" groups, and does so from the founding of the Republic!"
– Carl Pope, former Executive Director of the Sierra Club
