Threats to Springs in a Changing World Science and Policies for Protection

About this book

This book documents the declining quality and quantity of springs around the world and efforts to preserve, protect, and restore them. Anthropogenic causes, including climate change, have been degrading springs around the world. Changes in spring water quality and flow impact human health, cultural values, ecology, and livelihoods.

Threats to Springs in a Changing World: Science and Policies for Protection presents a range of international studies illustrating the causes of spring degradation and strategies being used to safeguard springs both now and for the future. Volume highlights include:
- Examples of threatened springs in diverse hydrogeologic settings
- Innovative methods and tools for understanding the hydrogeology of spring systems
- Current policy and governance approaches for alleviating damage to springs
- Different approaches to management of springs
- A call for practitioners, policymakers, scientists, and the public to work together

Contents

List of Contributors   vii
Preface   xi

1 Protecting Springs in a Changing World Through Sound Science and Policy  / Matthew J. Currell and Brian G. Katz   1

Part I Threats to Springs and Their Values
2 Assessing Pollution and Depletion of Large Artesian Springs in Florida's Rapidly Developing Water-Rich Landscape  / Robert L. Knight and Angeline Meeks   9
3 Regional Passive Saline Encroachment in Major Springs of the Floridan Aquifer System in Florida (1991-2020)  / Rick Copeland, Gary Maddox, and Andy Woeber   19
4 Karst Spring Processes and Storage Implications in High Elevation, Semiarid Southwestern United States  / Keegan M. Donovan, Abraham E. Springer, Benjamin W. Tobin, and Roderic A. Parnell   35
5 Nitrogen Contamination and Acidification of Groundwater Due to Excessive Fertilizer Use for Tea Plantations / Hiroyuki Ii   51
6 Springs of the Southwestern Great Artesian Basin, Australia: Balancing Sustainable Use and Cultural and Environmental Values / Gavin M. Mudd and Matthew J. Currell   69

Part II Methods, Tools, and Techniques to Understand Spring Hydrogeology
7 Environmental Tracers to Study the Origin and Timescales of Spring Waters / Axel Suckow and Christoph Gerber   87
8 Assessment of Water Quality and Quantity of Springs at a Pilot-Scale: Applications in Semiarid Mediterranean Areas in Lebanon / Joanna Doummar, Marwan Fahs, Michel Aoun,Reda Elghawi, Jihad Othman, Mohamad Alali, and Assaad H. Kassem   111
9 Uncertainties in Understanding Groundwater Flow and Spring Functioning in Karst / Francesco Fiorillo, Mauro Pagnozzi, Rosangela Addesso, Simona Cafaro, Ilenia M. D'Angeli, Libera Esposito, Guido Leone, Isabella S. Liso, and Mario Parise   131
10 The Great Subterranean Spring of Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, and the Potential Impact of Subsurface Urban Heat Islands  / Greg Brick   145

Part III Policy and Governance Approaches for the Protection of Springs
11 Community-Based Water Resource Management: Pathway to Rural Water Security in Timor-Leste? / Tanja Rosenqvist, George Goddard, Jack Nugent, Nick Brown, Eugenio Lemos, Elsa Ximenes, and Aleixo Santos   157
12 Setting Benthic Algal Abundance Targets to Protect Florida Spring Ecosystems / Robert A. Mattson   171
13 Protecting Springs in the Southwest Great Artesian Basin, Australia / Mark Keppel, Anne Jensen, Melissa Horgan, Aaron Smith, and Simone Stewart   181
14 Patterns in the Occurrence of Fecal Bacterial Indicators at Public Mineral Springs of Central Victoria, 1986-2013  / Andrew Shugg   199
15 Towards a Collective Effort to Preserve and Protect Springs / Brian G. Katz and Matthew J. Currell   209

Index   213

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