Biology of the Southern Ocean, Second Edition opens with a description of the physio-chemical environment followed by a logical sequence of chapters covering phytoplankton and primary production; the sea-ice microbial community; zooplankton, including an extended chapter on Antarctic krill; nekton, with an emphasis on cephalopods; fish; seals; whales; and birds. Chapters on selected ecosystems and their dynamics precede a final section on the exploitation, conservation, and management of the ocean's resources. An epilogue provides insight into evolving views on the Southern Ocean ecosystem.