About this book
Groundwater pollution is a serious problem throughout the African continent. While this is not surprising, very little attention has been paid to the problem. Information on this threat to Africa's future is therefore not readily available.
This book is a collection of thirty peer-reviewed papers on the topic, and provides a first glimpse of the situation across the continent. The first section provides a broad overview of the situation in Africa, highlighting topics of special significance to the continent, and some broad country perspectives. Subsequent papers provide specific case studies to substantiate the general perspectives. A range of diverse hydrogeological settings, with associated pollution sources, their causes and consequences across the continent, is given. Methodologies to understand impacts and improve the situation are presented, together with the challenges ahead.
This book will provide valuable reference and insight to professionals and decision-makers confronted with a wide diversity of challenges, including groundwater quality management in areas of rapid urbanisation in Africa and other developing areas.
Contents
Contents Preface Message from UNESCO Acknowledgments INTRODUCTION 1. Issues of groundwater pollution in Africa Y. Xu & B.H. Usher OVERVIEW Editorial Message 2. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Southern Africa G. Tredoux & A.S. Talma 3. Nitrate pollution of groundwater in Nigeria S.M.A. Adelana 4. Groundwater quality in Cameroon and its vulnerability to pollution G.T. Mafany, W.Y. Fantong & G.E. Nkeng 5. Groundwater contamination in Ghana A.A. Duah 6. Characterization of diffuse pollution of shallow groundwater in the Harare urban area, Zimbabwe D. Love, E. Zingoni, S. Ravengai, R. Owen, W. Moyce, P. Mangeya, M. Meck, K. Musiwa, Amos, Z. Hoko, R. Hranova, P. Gandidzanwa, F. Magadzire, C. Magadza, M. Tekere, Z. Nyama, M. Wuta & I. Love 7. Groundwater contamination from pesticides in Africa -- A review N.Z. Jovanovic 8. Degradation of groundwater resources under African cities Technical and socio-economic challenges A.A. Cronin, S. Pedley, J. Okotto-Okotto, J.O. Oginga & J. Chenoweth GROUNDWATER POLLUTION STATUS AND AQUIFER VULNERABILITY Editorial Message 9. A new cartographic approach to determine the groundwater vulnerability of the Abidjan Aquifer J.P. Jourda, K.J. Kouame, M.B. Saley, K.F. Kouame, B.H. Kouadio & K. Kouame 10. Vulnerability assessment of the Abidjan Quaternary Aquifer using the DRASTIC method S. Issiaka, G. Bi T. Albert, D.G. Aristide & K.K. Innocent 11. Groundwater pollution from urban development in Cotonou City, Benin M. Boukari, A. Alassane, F. Azonsi, F.A.L. Dovonou, A. Tossa & D. Zogo Chapter 12. Assessment of water pollution and risks to surface and groundwater resources in Bamako, Mali D. Orange & A. Palangie 13. Statistical assessment of groundwater quality in Bamako City, Mali A.Z. Traore, H. Bokar, D. Troare & L. Diakite 14. Spatial and temporal variations of groundwater pollution in Ougadougou City, Burkina Faso S. Yameogo, A.N. Savadogo, S. Nakolendousse & Y. Koussoube 15. Groundwater contamination in the Niamey urban area, Niger B. Ousmane, A. Soumaila, A. Boubacar, Z. Garba, A. Daddy Gao & T. Margueron 16. Management of nitrate pollution of groundwater in African cities: The case of Dakar, Senegal I. Deme, A.A. Tandia, A. Faye, R. Malou, I. Dia, M.S. Diallo & M. Sarr 17. The application of electrical resistivity techniques in the delineation of saltwater-freshwater in the Keta Basin, Ghana B.K. Banoeng-Yakubo, M. Akabzaa, V. Hotor & S.K Danso 18. Degree of groundwater vulnerability to pollution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia T. Alemayehu, D. Legesse, T. Ayenew, N. Mohammed & S. Waltenigus 19. Vulnerability and pollution of groundwater in Kisauni, Mombasa, Kenya D. Munga, S. Mwangi, H. Ong'anda, J.U. Kitheka, S.M. Mwaguni, F. Mdoe, J. Barongo, H.S. Massa & G. Opello 20. A chemical study of surface and groundwater in the Lake Chilwa Basin, Malawi J.D. Kalenga Saka 21. Groundwater quality assessments in the John Laing and Misisi areas of Lusaka D.C.W. Nkhuwa 22. Groundwater quality case studies in Botswana H. Vogel, K. Keipeile, J. Kgomanyane, T. Zwikula, M. Pontsho, B. Mafa, L. Matthes, M. Staudt, K. Beger & T. Guth 23. Contamination and protection in the Cape Flats Aquifer, South Africa S.M.A. Adelana & Y. Xu 24. An evaluation of groundwater pollution from pesticides in South Africa using the VLEACH model N.Z. Jovanovic & S. Maharaj SPECIAL TOPICS Editorial Message 25. Contamination of the Abidjan aquifer by sewage: An assessment of extent and strategies for protection J.P. Jourda, K.J. Kouame, M.B. Saley, B.H. Kouadio, Y.S. Oga & S. Deh 26. The impacts of coal and gold mining on the associated water resources in South Africa B.H. Usher & P.D. Vermeulen 27. Monitored natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a fractured environment -- A case study W. van Biljon, W. Germs & L. Hassan 28. Management strategies to mitigate clogging and biofouling in production boreholes R.C. Bishop WAY FORWARD 29. A South African perspective on the protection of groundwater sources E. Braune & Y. Xu Subject index Author index
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Biography
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa Institute for Groundwater Studies, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
