The genera and species of the subfamily Tetrastichinae of the Hymenopteran family Eulophidae of the Indian subcontinent are reviewed in the light of the discovery of several new taxa from the region and recent changes and advances in the taxonomy of this subfamily in other geographic regions. The Indian subcontinent includes India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. A total of 33 genera (out of 34 treated here) are recognized as valid with the largest of these, Aprostocetus, having 76 species. Two new genera are described viz. Idukkiella and Kostjurixia. The genus Minotetrastichus Graham is recorded for the first time from India. A total of 124 new species are described and 148 known species are commented upon or redescribed, with host and distributional data. Keys to genera of the Indian subcontinent and a key to species of most genera are provided. Besides, a few synonyms and new combinations are also given in this work. A host-parasitic index is provided at the end. An index to species is also given. At the beginning of the monograph, a historical resumé and a brief account of the biology are provided.