To see accurate pricing, please choose your delivery country.
 
 
United States
£ GBP
All Shops

British Wildlife

8 issues per year 84 pages per issue Subscription only

British Wildlife is the leading natural history magazine in the UK, providing essential reading for both enthusiast and professional naturalists and wildlife conservationists. Published eight times a year, British Wildlife bridges the gap between popular writing and scientific literature through a combination of long-form articles, regular columns and reports, book reviews and letters.

Subscriptions from £33 per year

Conservation Land Management

4 issues per year 44 pages per issue Subscription only

Conservation Land Management (CLM) is a quarterly magazine that is widely regarded as essential reading for all who are involved in land management for nature conservation, across the British Isles. CLM includes long-form articles, events listings, publication reviews, new product information and updates, reports of conferences and letters.

Subscriptions from £26 per year
Academic & Professional Books  Evolutionary Biology  Evolution

Eyes to See The Astonishing Variety of Vision in Nature

Popular Science
By: Michael Land(Author)
204 pages, 6 plates with 8 colour photos and colour illustrations; 92 b/w photos and b/w illustrations
NHBS
Rich in illustrations, Eyes to See is an excellent introduction to the many solutions organisms have evolved to see their world, written by a renowned expert on animal vision.
Eyes to See
Click to have a closer look
Average customer review
  • Eyes to See ISBN: 9780198747710 Hardback Nov 2018 In stock
    £20.99
    #241075
Price: £20.99
About this book Contents Customer reviews Biography Related titles
Images Additional images
Eyes to SeeEyes to SeeEyes to SeeEyes to See

About this book

Vision is the sense by which we and other animals obtain most of our information about the world around us. Darwin appreciated that at first sight it seems absurd that the human eye could have evolved by natural selection. But we now know far more about vision, the many times it has independently evolved in nature, and the astonishing variety of ways to see. The human eye, with a lens forming an image on a sensitive retina, represents just one. Scallops, shrimps, and lobsters all use mirrors in different ways. Jumping spiders scan with their front-facing eyes to check whether the object in front is an insect to eat, another spider to mate with, or a predator to avoid. Mantis shrimps can even measure the polarization of light.

Animal eyes are amazing structures, often involving precision optics and impressive information processing, mainly using wet protein – not the substance an engineer would choose for such tasks. In Eyes to See, Michael Land, one of the leading world experts on vision, explores the varied ways in which sight has evolved and is used in the natural world, and describes some of the ingenious experiments researchers have used to uncover its secrets. He also discusses human vision, including his experiments on how our eye movements help us to do everyday tasks, as well as skilled ones such as sight-reading music or driving. He ends by considering the fascinating problem of how the constantly shifting images from our eyes are converted in the brain into the steady and integrated conscious view of the world we experience.

Contents

1: Early Eyes
2: Compound eyes and insect vision.
3: Vision in the Ocean
4: Establishing Identity
5: Where do people look?
6: The world out there and the world in your head
7: Conclusions

Endnotes
Index

Customer Reviews (1)

  • Well illustrated intro to eyes by an expert
    By Leon (NHBS Catalogue Editor) 16 Nov 2018 Written for Hardback


    I spy, I spy with my little eye... humans are visually oriented creatures and eyes are fascinating organs. Michael Land, an emeritus (i.e. retired) professor in neurobiology at the University of Sussex, is a world expert on eyes, having studied vision for over 50 years. Next to hundreds of papers, he co-authored the textbook Animal Eyes, which was published in a second edition in 2012, and the short primer The Eye: A Very Short Introduction. Eyes to See is his opportunity to reflect on a long career and simultaneously showcase the astonishing variety of vision, as the book’s subtitle would have it.

    Far from the in-depth overview his textbook offers, this pithy book nevertheless gives a complete introduction to the evolution of eyes and the eight principal types of eyes known in animals. People are often warned that what has been seen cannot be unseen, and so it was with evolution: once vision developed, there was no way back, and a scramble for visual dominance took off (see also In the Blink of an Eye). Time and again, solutions have evolved for organisms to perceive light and see the world. Darwin was initially concerned that eyes, with all their complex optics, could not have evolved to such a state of perfection through natural selection, going so far as to call this “absurd in the highest degree”. We now know of plenty of organisms displaying the intermediate steps along the way though, so next time a creationist tries to spin up that tired old argument, hand them a copy of OUP’s other great book on eyes, Evolution's Witness.

    The book then takes a tour of some of the more unusual eyes known. It gives the lowdown on compound eyes, explaining, for example, the striking occurrence of pseudopupils that make it seem as if insects are always looking back at you (they are not, it is a byproduct of how their eyes are constructed). Or the uncanny ability of flying insects to intercept moving targets with great speed and accuracy.

    It also talks of the many adaptations to seeing (and prevent being seen) in the deep sea. If you have read my review of Deep-Sea Fishes, or have browsed more pictorial works such as Creatures of the Deep or Life in the Dark you will have seen the bizarre adaptations showcased by fish and invertebrates. From bulging barrel-shaped eyes pointing upwards to secondary eyes that are pointing downwards. But it is not just eyes. Fish scales have particular properties that render fish virtually invisible underwater. And bioluminescence is widely used to attract, confuse, or observe (see Bioluminescence: Living Lights, Lights for Living and Luminous Creatures for more on that topic).

    But vision requires more than just eyes. Brains to process all this visual information are also required. Where these are lacking in complexity, organisms tend to use simple rules of thumb to make sense of their visual environment, and Land discusses how fiddler crabs tell predator from conspecific (Is it bigger than me? Yes? Then run for the hills), and how males of different species vary the timing and speed with which they wave their ridiculously large ornamental claw to attract females of the right species. Most spiders have no fewer than eight eyes, all adapted for different visual tasks. And the mantis shrimp made headlines for having twelve visual pigments, instead of the three that humans have, though Land is quick to dispel notions of super-vision. Their eyesight is actually quite poor and signals from these pigments are processed completely differently (though, in other respects their eyes are amazingly complex). In many of these examples, the eyes do all the hard work of processing and selecting visual information, rather than relegating this task to the brain.

    But in other species, such as humans, brains do do a lot of the visual processing and Land has also worked on such questions as: “where do people look?” Whether that is when reading a book or sheet music, driving a car, making a cup of tea, or batting a ball during a game of cricket. Finally, he touches on the hard problems that have kept philosophers up since time immemorial. Is the red that I see the same red that you see? What is red anyway?

    Throughout, Land weaves in anecdotes of his own research. From the accidental dismantling of an interference microscope lend to him by his PhD supervisor, the very recognisable low-tech methods employed by field biologists (a cotton reel on a piece of string to entice fiddler crabs), or the first attempts at constructing miniature head-mounted cameras to observe eye movements in human study subjects.

    I always make a song and a dance about illustrations and have previously complimented Oxford University Press on really going to town in providing well reproduced, instructive illustrations. Appropriately for a book on eyes, this book relies heavily on visual aids. In a book just under 200 pages long, Land manages to include 92 diagrams and black and white photos, as well as 8 colour plates, heavily plundering his earlier book Animal Eyes. These schematic drawings are of great help in explaining the optical mechanisms discussed in the text.

    Eyes to See does not shy away from going into detail where optical principles or anatomical features are concerned. But with helpful illustrations, a glossary, and an understanding that some optical solutions to life’s challenges are really quite complicated and need careful explaining, Land has produced an intriguing and accessibly written little book on vision. If textbooks heavy on the physics of optics sound like hard work, then Eyes to See comes highly recommended as a place to start reading into this topic.
    2 of 2 found this helpful - Was this helpful to you? Yes No

Biography

Michael Land is Emeritus Professor of Neurobiology at the University of Sussex and is a world-renowned authority on animal vision. He co-authored the text Animal Eyes (OUP, 2002, 2nd edition 2012), with Dan-Eric Nilsson, and another on human eye movements, Looking and Acting (OUP, 2009), with Ben Tatler. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society.

Popular Science
By: Michael Land(Author)
204 pages, 6 plates with 8 colour photos and colour illustrations; 92 b/w photos and b/w illustrations
NHBS
Rich in illustrations, Eyes to See is an excellent introduction to the many solutions organisms have evolved to see their world, written by a renowned expert on animal vision.
Media reviews

"Simply written with a clarity that betrays a profound understanding of vision, this delightful journey from scallops to human perception shows what a great biologist can discover when he has the eyes to see."
– Professor Simon Laughlin, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge

"This little book is a treasure which deserves the attention of anyone who has ever wondered whether other animals see the world like us. Combining lucid scientific explanations with engaging personal anecdotes and salient histories, Eyes to See is the best single book I can recommend to a curious student, and certainly to a seasoned biologist looking for an introduction to how eyes work."
– Ron Hoy, Merksamer Professor of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University

Current promotions
New and Forthcoming BooksNHBS Moth TrapBritish Wildlife MagazineBuyers Guides