The variability of the Sun is well established, as well as that of the Earth's climate. To what extent the two are connected, in the sense that solar variability drives climate, is the subject of considerable research and, in some cases, controversy. This volume is aimed at obtaining an overview of the current knowledge of the variability of the Sun and of the Earth's climate, and of their possible connections. It is a collection of introductory and contributed papers presented at an ISSI workshop, supplemented by a summary of the discussion sessions and a workshop, thus giving a coherent overview while still conveying the lively spirit that prevailed at the workshop. The volume is intended to provide the active researcher with an up-to-date status report while at the same time serving the advanced graduate student with introductory material in this field of research.
Foreword. Solar Variability and the Earth's Climate: Introduction and Overview; G.C. Reid. Solar Variability. Observations of Irradiance Variability; C. Frohlich. Observations of Variability in Cosmic Rays; G.A. Bazilevskaya. Short Term, Direct Indices of Solar Variability; J.L. Lean. Long Term Indirect Indices of Solar Variability; J. Beer. Extreme Solar Cycle Variability in Strong Lines Between 200 and 400 nm; O.R. White, et al. Data from the Precision Solar Photometric Telescope (PSPT) in Hawaii from March 1998 to March 1999; O.R. White, et al. Variations of Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance Observed by the UARS SOLSTICE -- 1991 to 1999; G. Rottman. Solar Variability Observations (Discussion Session 1a); O.R. White, G.Rottman. Physicial Causes of Solar Activity; N.O. Weiss, S.M. Tobias. Theory of Solar Irradiance Variations; H. Spruit. Reconstruction of Past Solar Irradiance; S.K. Solanki, M. Fligge. Modelling Short-term Spectral Irradiance Variations; M. Fligge, et al. Modelling Solar Irradiance Variations: Comparison with Observations, Including Line-ratio Variations; Y.C. Unruh, et al. Resonance in a Coupled Solar-Climate Model; S.M. Tobias, M.O. Weiss. A Least-squares Solution for the Effective Conductivity of the Solar Convection Zone; J.R. Kuhn, D. Georgobiani. Using Precise Solar Shape to Study the Solar Cycle; J.R. Kuhn, et al. Physical Causes of Solar Variability (Discussion Session 1b); J. Kuhn, M. Schussler. Influences. The Influence of Total Solar Irradiance on Climate; U. Cubasch, R. Voss. The Effect of UV Irradiance Variations on the Earth's Atmosphere; A. Larkin, et al. Cosmic Rays, Clouds, and Climate; N. Marsh, H. Svensmark. Influence of Solar Wind on the Global Electric Circuit, and Inferred Effects on Cloud Microphysics, Temperature, and Dynamics in the Troposphere; B. Tinsley. The Influence of the 11-Year Solar Cycle on the Stratosphere Below 30 km: a Review; H. van Loon, K. Labitzke. Amplification of the Influence of Solar Flux Variations on the Middle Atmosphere by Planetary Waves; N.F. Arnold, T.R. Robinson. The Impact of Solar Forcing on the Variability in a Coupled Climate Model; R.J. Haarsma, et al. Solar Variability and the Search for Corresponding Climate Signals; W. Mende, R. Stellmacher. Climate. Climate Observations -- The Instrumental Record; D.E. Parker, et al. Long Term Climate Records from Polar Ice; B. Stauffer. Anthropogenic and Natural Causes of Twentieth Century Temperature Change; P.A. Stott, et al. Observations of Climate Variability (Discussion Session 3a); P.A. Stott, K.P. Shine. The Sun's Role in Long-Term Climate Change; J.E. Hansen. Climate Modelling (Discussion Session 3b); R. Haarsma. Radiative Forcing of Climate Change; K.P. Shine. What can Cloud Observations tell us About Climate Variability? J.R. Norris. Cloud Formation and the Possible Significance of Change for Atmospheric Condensation and Ice Nuclei; R.G. Harrison. Solar Variability and Clouds (Discussion Session 3c); J. Kirkby, A. Laaksonen. Solar Variability and Climate: A Summary; E. Friis-Christensen. Press Release. Author Index. List of Participants. List of SSSI Volumes.